Reducing the pollution risk of pesticide using nano networks induced by irradiation and hydrothermal treatment

Traditional pesticides (TP) often do not adhere tightly to crop foliage. They can easily enter the surrounding environment through precipitation and volatilization. This can result in the pollution of the surrounding soil, water, and air. To reduce pesticide pollution, we developed a loss-control pesticide (LCP) by adding attapulgite with a nano networks structure fabricated using high energy electron beam (HEEB) irradiation and hydrothermal treatment to TP. HEEB irradiation effectively dispersed originally aggregated attapulgite through modified thermal, charge, and physical effects. Hydrothermal treatment further enhanced the dispersion of attapulgite to form nano porous networks via thermal and wet expansion effects, which are beneficial for pesticide binding. An LCP has improved retention on crop leaf surfaces. It has a higher adhesion capacity, reduced leaching and volatilization, and extended residual activity compared with the TP formulation. The treatment increases the residual activity of pesticides on crop foliage and decreases environmental pollution.     

高浊度钼矿浮选废水的混凝沉淀

针对某钼矿选矿厂浮选废水,以PAC、PFS和FeCl3为凝聚剂,以APAM-A和APAM-N为絮凝剂,以H2SO4和NaOH为pH调整剂,研究了不同混凝剂、不同pH值和不同水力条件下废水处理后的浊度和COD.实验结果表明,在最佳水力条件下,原水pH不调整,以APAM-A为絮凝剂,以PAC为凝聚剂,其用量分别为15 g/t,750g/t时,处理后上清液浊度为25 NTU,COD小于30 mg/L.浮选废水经处理后回用于选矿浮选流程,大大改善了选矿指标.     

高速列车纵向对称面气动噪声计算及外形优化

将大涡模拟法与Lighthill-Curle声学比拟理论相结合,计算了高速列车纵向对称面的气动噪声,探明了纵向对称面气动噪声的频谱特性及其变化规律,得出了车辆连接处的优化外形。结果表明,低频时,气动噪声幅值较大,随着频率升高,幅值下降。当列车运行速度一定时,距离气动噪声源越远,声压的衰减幅度越少。随着列车运行速度增加,距离气动噪声源越远,声压的增幅越小。脉动压力是气动噪声的源,在车辆连接处采用平滑的Nurbs曲线过渡,以减少列车运行过程中产生的脉动压力,能有效降低气动噪声。     

植物收割频率对水生植物滤床深度处理养猪废水的影响

采用水生植物滤床系统深度处理养猪废水,开展了不同收割频率条件下系统对污水净化效果的对比研究。实验结果表明,当水力负荷为5 cm/d时,植物收割频率的增加会降低系统对TN和TP的去除效果,而对COD的去除效果则无明显影响。当不进行植物收割时,系统对养猪废水的净化效果最好,对COD、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为71.26%、34.32%和29.52%。因此,合适的植物收割频率是强化APFB系统处理效果的关键因素。     

冶金高炉高温熔融处理垃圾飞灰

为了探讨冶金高炉处理垃圾飞灰的可能性,将一定量的垃圾飞灰作为造球原料通过快凝水泥固化制备冷固飞灰球团,模拟高炉温度、气氛条件对飞灰球团进行高温冶金性能实验研究,并采用X射线衍射仪对飞灰球团中物相变化进行了研究。结果表明:在造球原料里配入5%左右的飞灰通过水泥固化造出的球团能达到入炉要求;配入10%飞灰球团的高炉炉料的高温冶金性能变化不大,且能够保持高炉内的工作环境相对稳定,符合当前冶炼要求的炉内工程条件;在高温下飞灰中的重金属能有效还原固封,二恶英能有效分解,为垃圾飞灰的资源化处理开辟了新的途径。     

Influence of Sampling Frequency on Estimation of Annual Total Phosphorus and Total Suspended Solids Loads1

Abstract: The determination of sediment and nutrient loads is typically based on the collection and analysis of grab samples. The frequency and regularity of traditional sampling may not provide representation of constituent loading, particularly in systems with flashy hydrology. At two sites in the Little Bear River, Utah, continuous, high‐frequency turbidity was used with surrogate relationships to generate estimates of total phosphorus and total suspended solids concentrations, which were paired with discharge to estimate annual loads. The high frequency records were randomly subsampled to represent hourly, daily, weekly, and monthly sampling frequencies and to examine the effects of timing, and resulting annual load estimates were compared to the reference loads. Higher frequency sampling resulted in load estimates that better approximated the reference loads. The degree of bias was greater at the more hydrologically responsive site in the upper watershed, which required a higher sampling frequency than the lower watershed site to achieve the same level of accuracy in estimating the reference load. The hour of day and day of week of sampling impacted load estimation, depending on site and hydrologic conditions. The effects of sampling frequency on the determination of compliance with a water quality criterion were also examined. These techniques can be helpful in determining necessary sampling frequency to meet the objectives of a water quality monitoring program.     

农业生态环境污染监测技术探讨

农业生态环境污染监测是以农产品污染监测为中心的各环境要素的污染监测。依据农业区域中污染源排放危害农产品的特征污染物选择大气环境污染物、水环境污染物、土壤环境污染物、农产品污染物作为监测指标;依据农业区域中各类污染源的特点布设大气环境污染、水环境污染、土壤环境污染、农产品污染监测点位;在农产品生长期或生产期,大气环境污染及水环境污染同步监测一次,农产品污染在收获时监测一次,依据污染源污染物排放强度确定土壤环境污染监测频次。     

振动试验中常见问题的分析

振动试验是装备环境试验不可缺少的部分,本文分析了试验条件的制定、试验夹具的设计和试验样品安装等振动试验中比较重要的环节,提出了振动试验实施过程中常见的几个问题,并结合实际操作经验给出了解决方案。     

高低温试验能力验证常见不满意原因分析

测量审核和实验室间比对是能力验证计划的有效补充形式,是实验室或者检查机构用于实验室质量控制及申请CNAS认可的重要手段。本文随机抽取2010年～2012年低温试验测量审核与高温试验实验室间比对结果为不满意的报告各8份作为样本,进行原因分析,并给出技术建议,旨在让参加实验室在以后的相关试验中能规避常见问题,提高测试能力。     

双季超级稻的生长与光合特性研究

分别以金优402和黄华占为对照,研究了超级稻早稻株两优819和晚稻丰源优299的生长及光合特性。株两优819分蘖数低于对照,但成穗率较高,最终形成较高的有效穗数,叶面积指数和生物量累积速率在前期高于对照,但在后期低于对照。整个生育期的单叶净光合速率与对照无显著差异,灌浆期叶绿素荧光参数与对照无显著差异。丰源优299分蘖数和有效分蘖低于对照,但一直保持叶面积指数的较大优势,生长中后期的光合速率显著高于对照,所以生物量较高。在灌浆期,在最小荧光Fo、最大荧光Fm和最大量子效率Fv/Fm方面,丰源优299与对照均无显著差异,而在光下即时荧光Ft、光下最大荧光Fm′、实际量子效率Fv′/Fm′、表观光合电子传递速率ETR、光化学猝灭系数qP和非光化学猝灭系数NPQ等方面丰源优299高于对照。株两优819和丰源优299均表现出高产特性,分别比对照产量高出1629%和544%,但其高产机理有所不同。前期较高的生物量积累和后期较高的光合产物运转效率是早稻株两优819高产的主要原因,而中后期较高的光合能力以及高收获指数是晚稻丰源优299高产的主要原因