新型铈钨钛复合氧化物催化还原脱硝机理

利用水热共沉淀法制备了铈钨钛复合氧化物催化剂,考察了H₂O₂络合修饰对其催化脱硝转化频率（TOF）的影响;并借助傅里叶原位红外光谱仪研究了H₂O₂络合修饰后铈钨钛复合氧化物的催化脱硝机理.结果表明：H₂O₂络合修饰可增强铈钨钛复合氧化物表面Brønsted酸位强度,提高其表面NH₃低温吸附和中低温NH₃-SCR脱硝性能,400℃时其NO_x催化脱除频率TOF高达0.658s^-1;NH₃和NO_x在H₂O₂络合修饰后铈钨钛复合氧化物表面存在竞争吸附,其表面催化脱硝反应主要为吸附态NH₃、NH₂和NH₄⁺与气态NO+O₂的反应,其低温NH₃-SCR反应机理遵循Eley-Rideal（E-R）机理.     

江西某地"癌症高发区"地质环境现状及评价

江西某地“癌症高发区”的报道引起了社会的广泛关注。通过对该地土壤、水体、降尘地质环境调查评价,认为调查区土壤环境质量较好,为清洁区,仅镍元素达轻度污染级。地下水质量为较差级,外围为优良级。饮用水源地水质综合评价为较差级,有机氯农药检出2项,多环芳烃检出10项,萘达到轻度污染级。区域地质、水文地质背景不具特殊性,土壤、水体地质环境与周边南昌地区无明显异常,是否与癌症发病有直接的关系,尚需作进一步的调查研究工作。降尘污染较为严重,污染因子主要为镉,应引起重视。     

Use of Ancient Sedimentary DNA as a Novel Conservation Tool for High‐Altitude Tropical Biodiversity

Conservation of biodiversity may in the future increasingly depend upon the availability of scientific information to set suitable restoration targets. In traditional paleoecology, sediment‐based pollen provides a means to define preanthropogenic impact conditions, but problems in establishing the exact provenance and ecologically meaningful levels of taxonomic resolution of the evidence are limiting. We explored the extent to which the use of sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) may complement pollen data in reconstructing past alpine environments in the tropics. We constructed a record of afro‐alpine plants retrieved from DNA preserved in sediment cores from 2 volcanic crater sites in the Albertine Rift, eastern Africa. The record extended well beyond the onset of substantial anthropogenic effects on tropical mountains. To ensure high‐quality taxonomic inference from the sedaDNA sequences, we built an extensive DNA reference library covering the majority of the afro‐alpine flora, by sequencing DNA from taxonomically verified specimens. Comparisons with pollen records from the same sediment cores showed that plant diversity recovered with sedaDNA improved vegetation reconstructions based on pollen records by revealing both additional taxa and providing increased taxonomic resolution. Furthermore, combining the 2 measures assisted in distinguishing vegetation change at different geographic scales; sedaDNA almost exclusively reflects local vegetation, whereas pollen can potentially originate from a wide area that in highlands in particular can span several ecozones. Our results suggest that sedaDNA may provide information on restoration targets and the nature and magnitude of human‐induced environmental changes, including in high conservation priority, biodiversity hotspots, where understanding of preanthropogenic impact (or reference) conditions is highly limited. Uso de ADN Sedimentario Antiguo como una Herramienta Novedosa de Conservación para la Biodiversidad Tropical de Grandes Altitudes     

浅谈提升高硫煤机组FGD可靠性之措施

针对高硫煤机组FGD的技术特点,从设计源头介绍了如何提升高硫煤机组FGD可靠性的措施,并佐以工程实例。     

步入式高低温湿热试验箱的实现

主要介绍了步入式高低温湿热试验箱的实现方法,对其原理进行了较为细致的阐述。并对其主要组成部分进行了介绍。该试验箱为公路车辆和集装箱等大型设备安全有效地进行各类气候环境试验提供保障。     

Syntrophic co-culture of Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumonia for degradation of kraft lignin discharged from rayon grade pulp industry

In order to search the degradability of kraft lignin, the potential bacterial strains Bacillus subtilis (GU193980) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (GU193981) were isolated, screened and applied in axenic and co-culture conditions. Results revealed that mixed culture showed better decolorization efficiency (80%) and reduction of pollution parameters (COD 73% and BOD 62%) than axenic culture. This indicated syntrophic growth of these two bacteria rather than any antagonistic effect. The HPLC analysis of degraded samples of kraft lignin has shown the reduction in peak area compared to control, suggesting that decrease in color intensity might be largely attributed to the degradation of lignin by isolated bacteria. Further, the GC–MS analysis showed that most of the compounds detected in control were diminished after bacterial treatment. Further, the seed germination test using Phaseolus aureus has supported the detoxification of bacterial decolorized kraft lignin for environmental safety. All these observations have revealed that the developed bacterial co-culture was capable for the effective degradation and decolorization of lignin containing rayon grade pulp mill wastewater for environmental safety.     

基于工效学的高海拔制氧装置制氧效果评价方法研究

目的研究不同制氧装置和供氧方式对装备人员工效的综合影响。方法从不同吸氧方式对高海拔地区装备人员生理、心理、体能和作业效率等方面的改善效果进行研究。结果吸氧后装备人员的血氧饱和度上升到12%左右、心率减缓10%,体力提高5%左右,工作效率提高13%左右。结论高海拔地区吸氧可以提高从总体上提高装备人员的作业能力,长时间持续低浓度吸氧比间隔式高浓度吸氧对人员的生理、体能和工作效率的改善效果更好。     

An executive review of sludge pretreatment by sonication

Ultrasonication (US), which creates hydro-mechanical shear forces in cavitation, is an advanced technology in sludge pretreatment. However, there are many factors affecting the efficacy of cavitation and ultrasonication disintegration of sludge as a consequence. The objective of this work is to present an extensive review of evaluation approaches of sludge US pretreatment efficiency. Besides, optimization methodologies of related parameters, the differences of optimum values and the similarities of affecting trends on cavitation and sludge pretreatment efficiency were specifically pointed out, including ambient conditions, ultrasonic properties, and sludge characteristics. The research is a prerequisite for optimization of sludge US pretreatment efficiency in lab-scale and practical application. There is not-yet a comprehensive method to evaluate the efficiency of sludge US pretreatment, but some main parameters commonly used for this purpose are degree of sludge disintegration, proteins, particle size reduction, etc. Regarding US parameters, power input P_US, intensity I_US, and frequency F_S seem to have significant effects. However, the magnitude of the effect of P_US and probe size in terms of I_US has not been clearly detailed. Investigating very low F_S seems interesting but has not yet been taken into consideration. In addition, static pressure effect has been marginally studied only and investigation on the effect of pH prior to US process has been restricted. Their effects therefore should be varied separately and simultaneously with other related parameters, i.e. process conditions, ultrasonic properties, and sludge characteristics, to optimize sludge US pretreatment process.     

高压输电线路电磁环境影响浅析

结合输变电工程环境影响评价实例,参照相应的国家标准,客观阐述了高压输电线路周围电场和磁场的电磁环境影响程度。结果表明,110/220kV高压输电线路周围的电磁场强度值远低于国家标准要求限值,不会对公众生活造成不利影响。     

舰艇用高强钢强度及其耐蚀性现状及发展趋势

通过对国内外海军舰艇用高强钢的种类、性能、腐蚀问题和焊接等方面的介绍,分析了国内外海军舰艇用高强钢耐腐蚀性的现状及发展趋势,认为未来海军舰艇用高强钢将向高强度、大规格、低磁性及耐腐蚀方向发展。