外置式排风罩条缝口开口面积与气流均匀性研究

在外置式风罩罩口上设置条缝是用来提高和保证罩口气流均匀性的方法之一。在以往研究的基础上,对设置多大面积的条缝最有利于形成均匀的吸气气流进行了实验研究。实验通过改变条缝开口面积和总吸风量,测试该条件下风罩各条缝处风速,对比每组实验风速的均匀程度,从而反推使罩口实现均匀气流的条缝开口面积和风量条件。实验结果表明,条缝开口面积总和等于1倍罩内吸风口面积能够使风罩形成较好的均匀气流,从能量消耗的角度看也较为节能。风量的变化对这一结论并无影响。     

公路隧道水害倾向性分级的Bayes判别法及应用

为提高公路隧道整体安全性能,保障人员安全,减少财产损失,避免公路隧道水害事故的发生,将Bayes判别理论应用于公路隧道水害倾向性判别和分级中。采用影响隧道水害发生的隧道区渗透系数、降水情况、单位涌水量、构造断裂带类型、围岩分级、隧道施工情况、防排水措施情况等7项指标作为基本判别因子;将公路隧道水害倾向性分为4个等级作为Bayes判别分析的4个正态总体。以采自典型的20组公路隧道的实测数据为训练样本,建立公路隧道水害倾向性分级的Bayes判别函数。对训练后的模型运用交叉确认估计法进行验证,然后运用该模型对6条待检验的公路隧道样本的水害倾向性进行分级。研究结果表明:构建的Bayes判别分析模型误判率极低,分级效果合理有效,可以运用于公路隧道水害倾向性的分级中,有利于公路隧道水害的预防和治理。     

气固两相流下球阀磨损特性研究

旋塞球阀是钻柱内防喷系统中的关键设备,在气固两相流下球阀易受磨损而失效,并造成严重的井喷事故。为此,将计算流体动力学理论与冲蚀磨损理论相结合,运用FLUENT软件对球阀壁面在气固两相流下的磨损分布情况进行研究,并进一步分析了球阀结构参数对于球阀壁面磨损的影响规律。结果表明:当气固两相流流经球阀时,固体颗粒会与气流分离,并在壁面上产生三处磨损集中区;随着球阀开度的减小,球阀壁面磨损量会急剧增大,且阀球内通道壁面上的磨损集中区由块状逐步转化为带状,而球阀出口处的磨损集中区则会逐渐向下移动;球阀流道直径的减小也会使得壁面磨损量增加,但磨损集中区的分布基本不变。研究结果可为进一步优化球阀流道结构以减轻其壁面磨损提供理论依据。     

矿井火区启封安全性分析及判别准则

矿井火区启封时火区状态判断失误会导致火区复燃或火区内瓦斯爆炸。为此,本文在分析矿井火区启封的安全性的基础上,从气体信息采集和火区燃烧状态的判断技术两方面,提出了相关准则。气体信息采集准则含气样代表火区状态真实性、提高气样代表火区大气状态的真实性、正确的气样采集方法十六项内容,主要论及钻孔取样、孔内测压、火区气体采样地点、倾斜巷道密闭取样、取样地点对气样准确度的影响、气样采集时间、采集钻孔封堵、混合气样分段采集方法、取样时间间隔、气样分析方式等。火区燃烧状态的判断技术准则含十二项内容,主要论及不同火区气体浓度条件和环境条件下正确判断火区燃烧状态技术。准则可为矿井火区治理中正确分析判断火区状态和启封条件提供参考。     

LQZ型气力输送系统在电厂除灰中的应用

介绍了气力输送系统在电厂660MW机组除灰中的应用,并对飞灰特性,以及除灰系统设计、关键技术运用、运行情况、设备维护和故障处理等问题进行了分析论述。     

旅游公路景观协调性评价指标权重模型研究

为评价旅游公路景观协调性,通过对影响旅游公路景观协调性因素的分析,采用目标分解法初选评价指标,确定公路景观与交通安全、景观与视觉、景观与生态环境协调性3个目标层。在此基础上采用德尔菲法建立景观协调性评价指标体系;将景观协调性指标权重分为价值量权重和信息量权重2部分,在序关系分析法基础上充分利用指标值信息,综合主、客观赋权法,建立旅游公路景观协调性评价指标组合权重模型。结果表明:该模型可客观有效地确定各评价指标的权重。     

A Bayesian assessment of the effect of highway bypasses in Iowa on crashes and crash rate

Introduction

A common contention is that the construction of highway bypasses negatively impacts the economy of local communities by reducing pass-by traffic for businesses. However, as access to specific business' account records is limited, this impact is difficult to quantify. Another common contention is that bypasses contribute to a reduction in overall crashes in the community and in the surrounding areas. Even though a large number of bypasses have been constructed in the State of Iowa over the past several years, their actual impact in terms of traffic safety has not been quantified.

Objectives

This study seeks answers to the following questions: (a) Are bypasses in Iowa associated with a reduction in crash frequencies and crash rates on the bypassed highway? (b) Do bypasses in Iowa introduce a reduction of overall crash frequencies and rates or do they merely shift crashes from the highways through the communities to the bypasses with no significant overall reduction?

Method

We obtained crash information from the Iowa DOT at 19 sites on which a bypass was constructed sometime during the past 23 years. We also obtained the same information at six sites used as comparison sites on which no bypasses were constructed at least until 2005. We them employed a Bayesian approach to estimating the association between the construction of the bypass and crash rates, while also accounting for other factors.

Results

The construction of bypasses in Iowa is associated with a significant increase in traffic safety both on the main road through town and on the combined main road and bypass roadway.     

Random parameter models for accident prediction on two-lane undivided highways in India

Introduction

Generalized linear modeling (GLM), with the assumption of Poisson or negative binomial error structure, has been widely employed in road accident modeling. A number of explanatory variables related to traffic, road geometry, and environment that contribute to accident occurrence have been identified and accident prediction models have been proposed. The accident prediction models reported in literature largely employ the fixed parameter modeling approach, where the magnitude of influence of an explanatory variable is considered to be fixed for any observation in the population. Similar models have been proposed for Indian highways too, which include additional variables representing traffic composition. The mixed traffic on Indian highways comes with a lot of variability within, ranging from difference in vehicle types to variability in driver behavior. This could result in variability in the effect of explanatory variables on accidents across locations. Random parameter models, which can capture some of such variability, are expected to be more appropriate for the Indian situation.

Method

The present study is an attempt to employ random parameter modeling for accident prediction on two-lane undivided rural highways in India. Three years of accident history, from nearly 200 km of highway segments, is used to calibrate and validate the models.

Results

The results of the analysis suggest that the model coefficients for traffic volume, proportion of cars, motorized two-wheelers and trucks in traffic, and driveway density and horizontal and vertical curvatures are randomly distributed across locations.

Conclusions

The paper is concluded with a discussion on modeling results and the limitations of the present study.     

省内公路可移动危险源的模糊综合安全预警

为了对公路可移动危险源进行有效控制,分析了影响公路可移动危险源危险程度的因素,采用模糊综合评判方法,并通过公路可移动危险源模糊预警系统实现了公路可移动危险源的实时综合安全预警.结果表明,此方法考虑危险因素较全面,且可在屏幕实时显示各公路可移动危险源的预警结果,有利于提高安全管理水平.     

广三高速公路扩建工程中桩承式加筋路堤的现场试验

结合广三高速公路扩建工程,对素混凝土桩和PHC管桩桩承式加筋路堤工作性状开展现场试验调查,在路堤填筑中以及填筑完成后对路基沉降、孔隙水压力以及深部水平位移进行监测和分析,试验结果表明:当软土厚度小于18m时,采用桩径为50cm的C15素混凝土桩,打穿软土层,桩中心间距1.8 -2.0m,平面呈三角形布置,桩帽采用C30混凝土浇筑成尺寸为1m×1m×0.4m的面板,拓宽路基孔隙水压力变化与填土高度和桩的龄期有关,路基工后沉降得到了有效控制;当软土厚度超过18m时,采用桩径为30cm,桩壁厚7cm的PHC管桩,按照桩中心间距2.5-3.0m间距呈正方形布置,桩帽采用设置双层钢筋的C30混凝土浇筑成尺寸为1.5m×1.5m ×0.4m的面板,路堤填筑完成后预压期内路基孔隙水压力基本未发生变化,路基几乎未发生侧向位移,路基剩余沉降很小,可以节省预压时间,尽早开展路面结构层施工,开放交通.