人工湿地中沸石对铵吸附能力的生物再生研究

利用铵吸附饱和的天然斜发沸石和沙质土壤作为基质,构建了沸石柱和芦苇、菖蒲沸石人工湿地试验系统,采用曝气供氧、自然复氧、植物根系输氧以及培养系统中基质上硝化菌群的方法,研究了铵吸附饱和的沸石在沸石柱和湿地中的生物再生过程。结果显示,沸石在湿地中再生过程符合指数模拟,在试验周期内沸石在沸石柱中再生可以用指数和线性模拟。沸石在湿地系统和沸石柱中经过1个月的再生,交换容量分别恢复到原来的60.3%～62.6%和11.8%,3个月后分别恢复到原来的94.6%～94.8%和38.4%。试验证明,沸石在湿地中再生比在沸石柱中再生效果好,交换容量恢复率高出50%～63%。根据试验结果,探讨了铵吸附饱和的沸石在人工湿地中的生物再生机理,证明了饱和沸石在湿地中生物再生的可行性。     

长江口湿地景观镶嵌结构演变的数量特征与分形分析

鉴于国内湿地研究对象大多为块状湿地。而对狭长形湿地鲜有研究，本文利用1990年和2003年遥感影像作为基本信息源。在GIS技术支持下。选取长江口狭长湿地，建立长江口湿地植被空间数据库。选取斑块大小、分维数、景观破碎度、景观多样性和优势度等指标，研究区域景观的数量特征动态变化；运用分形理论建立各种景观类型形态的分形结构模型，以分维数为依据分析各种景观形态的复杂性；探讨控制和影响区域景观格局的主要因素。结果显示，1990—2003年期间，在自然与人为双重因素作用下该地区的湿地景观发生了显著变化，景观趋于破碎化。植物群落的演替由于人为的原因加速，一些地区景观呈自然变化趋势。一些地区由于围垦的原因。人为扰动大。呈现衰退趋势。     

冰对斜体结构作用的二维和三维力学模型分析

通常情况下，作用在斜体结构表面的冰力小于垂直结构，因此斜体结构成为有冰海区海洋结构的优选结构，冰对斜体结构作用力学机制的分析是近些年来国际上研究的热点问题。本文运用简单的二维理论及较为复杂的三维理论，依据辽东湾环境条件，采用计算与作图分析的手段，对摩擦系数、坡角、冰强度及冰厚如何影响作用在斜体结构上的水平冰力进行了讨论，并验证了相应结论     

Landscape planning and ecology construction of wetland comprehensive protected area system in the Sanjiang Plain

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世界煤炭资源流动的时空格局及成因分析

基于1990-2016年的统计数据,采用场理论研究世界煤炭资源流动的时空格局变化及其成因,揭示近30年来世界煤炭资源的流动状态及其演变过程。研究结果显示：（1）2016年世界煤炭的输出总量达12.25亿t,比1990年增加了10.13亿t,年均增长6.98%,其中澳大利亚、印尼和俄罗斯等是主要的煤炭输出国,印度、日本、中国和韩国是主要的煤炭输入国;（2）以场理论的位势、流场分布、流动迹线角度分析,世界煤炭资源的流动以北美洲、中南美洲和非洲为源流场,以欧洲及欧亚大陆、中东和亚太为汇流场,在澳大利亚—东亚、印尼—东亚/印度之间形成主要运输航线;（3）资源空间分布、供需匹配程度、空间距离、市场因素和国家政策等是煤炭资源流动的主要动因。研究发现：虽然中国煤炭储量丰富,但是煤炭消费数量庞大,仅可维持72年,必须重视煤炭的进口和储备工作。该研究对于中国科学制定产业政策具有重要价值。     

高流速海水中舰艇常用材料腐蚀实验研究

介绍了舰艇常用材料在海水环境动态高流速条件下自然电位、自然腐蚀率、电偶腐蚀等多方面的腐蚀实验方法及实验结果,得出了舰艇常用系列材料在动态海水中的腐蚀基本数据以及变化规律,为在舰船设计中材料的选择及腐蚀防护方案的制定提供参考。     

人工湿地中磷的行为及其去除方法研究

人工湿地中磷是通过基质、微生物和植物的共同作用去除的，其中基质对磷的吸附和沉淀是人工湿地除磷的主要方面。构筑两个以碎石和细砂为填料的人工湿地模拟单元，一个种上芦苇，另一个不种任何植物，研究湿地对磷的处理效果。前期试验表明，种芦苇的湿地总磷去除率可以迭到92％，其中，总磷的67．35％在湿地上部就得以去除，有相当一部分磷是由湿地中植物、微生物和基质的协同作用加速去除的。最后对人工湿地除磷存在的主要问题及对策进行了探讨。     

Effects of degree of water saturation on dispersivity and immobile water in sandy soil columns

Three natural nonaggregated soil samples, with similar grain-size distributions, have been used to determine the dispersive behavior of porous media under steady, saturated and unsaturated flow conditions. Tritium was used as a tracer and was found to have no sorption on the solid matrix. Generated breakthrough curves (BTCs) for the unsaturated experiments were symmetrical with no evidence of tailing. The unsaturated experiments for two of the soils were adequately described by considering all the water in the pore volume as mobile. However, about 10% of the pore water, independent of the degree of saturation, was found to be immobile in the case of the third soil during unsaturated flow. For this soil, there was no mass transfer between the two water regions, indicating that the immobile water is essentially isolated from the flowing water fraction. For all three soils, dispersivity under unsaturated conditions was found to be higher, independent of the degree of water saturation, than the value determined for the saturated experiments. This is inconsistent with what would be expected from the simple bundle-of-capillary-tubes model and does not agree well with a more sophisticated conceptualization of the porous medium. The data, however, clearly indicate a wider range in pore-water velocities when these soils are desaturated.     

Influence of hydrogeochemical processes on zero-valent iron reactive barrier performance: a field investigation

Geochemical and mineralogical changes were evaluated at a field Fe0-PRB at the Oak Ridge Y-12 site concerning operation performance during the treatment of U in high NO3- groundwater. In the 5-year study period, the Fe0 remained reactive as shown in pore-water monitoring data, where increases in pH and the removal of certain ionic species persisted. However, coring revealed varying degrees of cementation. After 3.8-year treatment, porosity reduction of up to 41.7% was obtained from mineralogical analysis on core samples collected at the upgradient gravel-Fe0 interface. Elsewhere, Fe0 filings were loose with some cementation. Fe0 corrosion and pore volume reduction at this site are more severe due to the presence of NO3- at a high level. Tracer tests indicate that hydraulic performance deteriorated: the flow distribution was heterogeneous and under the influence of interfacial cementation a large portion of water was diverted around the Fe0 and transported outside the PRB. Based on the equilibrium reductions of NO3- and SO4(2-) by Fe0 and mineral precipitation, geochemical modeling predicted a maximum of 49% porosity loss for 5 years of operation. Additionally, modeling showed a spatial distribution of mineral precipitate volumes, with the maximum advancing from the interface toward downgradient with time. This study suggests that water quality monitoring, coupled with hydraulic monitoring and geochemical modeling, can provide a low-cost method for assessing PRB performance.     

两种曝气设备的清水曝气充氧实验研究

根据清水充氧实验计算,比较了微孔雾化软管曝气和射流曝气的充氧动力效率和氧利用率.以及后续实验的结果,最终得出微孔曝气软管曝气是高效节能的河流整治方法.