Environmental dispersivity in free-water-surface-effect dominated wetland: multi-scale analysis

Distinct from the case with width-dominated shallow wetland flows, the longitudinal evolution of contaminant concentration in the most-typical pattern of wetland as dominated by free-water-surface-effect is characterized by a multi-scale analysis in the present study. An environmental dispersion model for the evolution of the mean concentration is deduced as an extension of Taylor's classical formulation by Mei’s multi-scale analysis. Corresponding environmental dispersivity is found identical to that determined by the method of concentration moments.     

Restoration of hyper-eutrophic water with a modularized and air adjustable constructed submerged plant bed

A modularized and air adjustable constructed submerged plant bed (CSPB) which can be used to restore the eutrophic water is introduced in this paper. This plant bed helps hydrophyte grow under poor conditions such as frequently changed water depth, impaired water transparency, algae bloom and substantial duckweed in summer, which are not naturally suitable for growing hydrophyte. This pilot study in Waihuan River of Tianjin, China, revealed that reduction of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP) by the use of CSPB could be reached 30%–35%, 35%–40%, 30%–40% respectively in the growing season (from March to October) and 5%–10%, 5%–15%, 7%–20% respectively in the winter (from November to February) when the detention time was 6 d. The relationships between the concentration of COD, TN, TP and the detention time fit the first-order kinetic equation well and the coefficients of determination (R²) were all above 0.9. The attenuation coefficients k of the kinetic equation were a function of the water temperature. When the water temperature was quite low or quite high, k was not significantly changed with increasing or decreasing water temperature. While when the temperature was in a moderate range, an increase or decrease of water temperature would lead to a rapid increase or decrease in k.     

烟气脱硫系统的吸收塔及停留时间

介绍了烟气脱硫系统中三种主要的吸收塔类型,及烟气在吸收塔中停留时间和喷淋吸收区高度的计算方法。简述了液气比与气速、烟气中SO2含量的关系,并列举了喷淋塔、动力波塔和平流塔等工程实例。     

Pesticide-induced alterations of hemopoietic functions in Anabas testudineus inhabiting wetlands in agricultural landscape

The unrestricted use of agrochemicals in crop fields lowers the overall prospects of survival and yield of wetland fish species like Anabas testudineus. In the present study, the impact of different doses of SUMIDON-40, an organophosphate (OP) pesticide on the hematopoiesis of Anabas testudineus has been examined. The small lymphoid hemoblast and consequently the polychromatophilic erythroblasts decreased significantly at both sublethal and LC₅₀ dose-treated fish. The percentage of mature erythrocyte also fell significantly in the pesticide-treated groups. The erythropoietic efficiency was increased in fish exposed to sublethal dose but fell in fish exposed to LC50 dose. Among leucocytes, the percentage of neutrophils rose in Anabas testudineus in both treatment groups and percentage of macrophage decreased significantly only in LC₅₀ dose-treated group. The percentage of lymphocyte increased significantly in sublethal dose-treated groups. The overall leukopoietic efficiency, however, was elevated significantly in both treatment groups. These facts clearly indicated that pesticides affected the overall process of hematopoiesis in this fish species. Flow cytometric analysis of cell cycle in pronephric kidney cells confirmed changes in percentage of cell death and DNA synthesis following pesticide exposure. Data indicate that habitat deterioration from agrochemicals impedes the hematopoiesis in this species resulting in reduced tolerance in their usually hypoxic habitat environment.     

1981~2010年深圳市不同等级霾天气特征分析

利用1981~2010年深圳市地面观测及空气质量监测资料,分析深圳不同等级霾天气的长期变化特征以及大气水平能见度、空气质量与霾的关系.结果表明:深圳霾日数总体呈增多趋势,强度增强,中度以上霾增多;各等级霾日数均呈增多态势,但不同等级霾日占年总霾日的比例变化趋势不同,轻微霾所占比例下降,轻度以上霾上升; 霾天气呈现冬季>秋季>春季>夏季的季节特征,但重度霾却是夏季最多; 霾导致大气水平能见度明显下降,霾日平均能见度较非霾日低6~7km,霾等级越高,能见度下降越明显,霾日能见度日变化幅度较非霾日小;霾日SO2、NO2浓度为非霾日的1.4~1.7倍,PM10是非霾日的2.2倍,大气颗粒物污染加剧可能是深圳能见度恶化、霾天气增多的一个重要原因;针对荔香站霾日SO2浓度日变化不明显,PM10 、NO2浓度呈双峰型分布,与上下班时段吻合,说明机动车的增加也是深圳霾天气增多的主因之一;霾等级越高,空气中PM10、SO2、NO2的浓度越高,从轻微到重度霾各级之间SO2、NO2和PM10浓度增幅大都在15%~20%.     

日本农村循环经济系统磷代谢分析——以北海道中札内村为例

在介绍日本农村循环经济模式特征的基础上,采用物质流分析方法,选取日本典型农村循环经济模式进行磷代谢分析。结果表明,大量的堆肥和直接还田改善了畜禽排泄物和农村生活对水体环境的影响,但对于减少种植业引起的磷排放未起到关键作用。建议在建设新农村的同时,有必要考虑农村生活-种植业-畜牧业一体化循环经济模式,扩大农村生活废弃物的再资源化量,以减少对系统外环境的污染。     

基于模拟植物生长算法的快线公共车辆优化调度研究

公共车辆的运营优化调度能够很好的减少城市交通拥堵,缓解交通压力,保证多方面的利益。对乘客高峰期快线公共车辆的调度进行了研究。首先运用了三元组α/β/γ方法对问题进行了描述,将乘客高峰期快线车辆的调度描述为一类以最小化制造期和平均等待时间为目标,具有先入先出原则和机器适用限制的流水车间动态调度问题。并在此基础上建立了相应的数学模型;接着,运用模拟植物生长算法进行了算法设计;最后,用实际数据进行了数值仿真,结果证明该研究具有较高的理论及现实价值。     

外置式排风罩条缝口开口面积与气流均匀性研究

在外置式风罩罩口上设置条缝是用来提高和保证罩口气流均匀性的方法之一。在以往研究的基础上,对设置多大面积的条缝最有利于形成均匀的吸气气流进行了实验研究。实验通过改变条缝开口面积和总吸风量,测试该条件下风罩各条缝处风速,对比每组实验风速的均匀程度,从而反推使罩口实现均匀气流的条缝开口面积和风量条件。实验结果表明,条缝开口面积总和等于1倍罩内吸风口面积能够使风罩形成较好的均匀气流,从能量消耗的角度看也较为节能。风量的变化对这一结论并无影响。     

采空区气体分布规律及自然发火危险区域判定

〗采空区自然发火的防治是自燃矿井灾害防治的重中之重,选用薛村矿92118轻放工作面采空区为研究对象,现场布置测点,选取合适的采样仪器,对N2、O2、CO、CO2、CH4、C2H4、C2H6、C2H2气体进行实地采样分析,得出相应气体分布规律。并用流场模拟FEMLAB软件对其进行自然发火机理模拟,分析采空区漏风渗流速度场、流线、风速场和风压场情况,最后得出采空区自燃氧化危险区域和最易自然发火危险区域,结论合理。这对采空区采用注氮、堵漏风等措施提供了主要技术依据。     

南四湖湿地景观格局变化的生态系统服务价值响应

利用1987-2010年5期卫星遥感影像监测南四湖湿地景观格局变化,并且采用市场比较法、影子工程法、工业制氧成本法、碳税法和价值替代法等多种评估方法对南四湖湿地景观格局变化的生态系统服务功能价值响应进行深入探讨.结果表明,南四湖湿地中大量芦苇、荷田等自然湿地景观转化为养殖水域、水稻田等人工湿地,景观格局趋于破碎化;湖泊湿地景观格局变化对于湿地的供给功能、调节功能、文化功能和支持功能均有影响,其中对供给功能和调节功能影响最大.以2010年不变价计算,南四湖湿地景观格局变化导致2010年湿地生态系统服务功能价值比1987年减少3.06亿元,其中大气成分调节功能价值损失11.7亿元,净化功能价值损失3.77亿元,涵养水源功能损失0.65亿元,物质生产功能价值增加13.06亿元,其他功能价值对湿地景观格局变化的响应不明显.