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151.
152.
酸性条件下H+ - Cu2+在红壤表面反应的能量特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了酸性条件下H -Cu2 在红壤表面反应动力学的能量特征,结果表明:酸性条件下Cu2 的吸附分为快反应和慢反应两个阶段.用一级动力学方程拟合,Cu2 的最大吸附量随酸度的增加而显著下降,随温度的升高提前达到平衡.用双常数方程描述Cu2 在吸附点位能量分布的不均匀性,用扩散速率常数b计算,活化能(Eb*)随酸度的增加而增加,Cu2 扩散需要克服的能障变大;ΔH*值为正,温度升高可促进Cu2 的扩散;ΔS*均为负值,表明吸附反应使体系的有序度增加.原液pH值为3.8和3.3时,流出液的pH值高于原液,这是由于土壤的缓冲作用、土壤表面质子化和硫酸根专性吸附释放的羟基中和;反应初期H 消耗是快反应过程,反应后期H 对矿物的溶蚀为速率控制步骤. 相似文献
153.
Andrew P. Rees Hermann W. Bange Damian L. Arvalo-Martínez Yuri Artioli Dawn M. Ashby Ian Brown Hanna I. Campen Darren R. Clark Vassilis Kitidis Gennadi Lessin Glen A. Tarran Carol Turley 《Ambio》2022,51(2):398
Human activities are changing the Arctic environment at an unprecedented rate resulting in rapid warming, freshening, sea ice retreat and ocean acidification of the Arctic Ocean. Trace gases such as nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) play important roles in both the atmospheric reactivity and radiative budget of the Arctic and thus have a high potential to influence the region’s climate. However, little is known about how these rapid physical and chemical changes will impact the emissions of major climate-relevant trace gases from the Arctic Ocean. The combined consequences of these stressors present a complex combination of environmental changes which might impact on trace gas production and their subsequent release to the Arctic atmosphere. Here we present our current understanding of nitrous oxide and methane cycling in the Arctic Ocean and its relevance for regional and global atmosphere and climate and offer our thoughts on how this might change over coming decades.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01633-8. 相似文献
154.
155.
本文将酸化模型分为指标评价模型、经验酸化模型和以湖泊-流域为基础的机理模型三大类。概述了几个典型的酸化模型的结构、对参数和过程的处理方法、存在的问题和应用范围并介绍了它们的一些具体应用。还以MAGIC模型为例说明了酸化模型的发展及其趋势。作为模型的一个有机组成部分,本文还阐述了酸化模型的不确定性分析。 相似文献
156.
157.
印染废水水解酸化处理中填料式反应器与UASB反应器的比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据印染废水的特点和印染废水处理工程实例,从适用性、与其他工艺的衔接、工程造价、运行费用及水解效果等方面对UASB水解酸化反应器和填料式水解酸化反应器进行比较研究。研究表明,UASB水解酸化反应器在适用性和工程造价两个方面具有一定的缺陷;但是UASB水解酸化反应器对印染废水中COD、SS和色度去除率能够分别达到50%、73%和75%,明显高于填料式水解酸化反应器;且UASB水解酸化反应器每降解1 kg COD所需电量为(0.23±0.05)kW·h,优于填料式水解酸化反应器。 相似文献
158.
二甲基亚砜(DMSO)废水因其COD高、可生化性差的特性而较难处理。本实验以采用硫酸二甲酯法生产DMSO的某化工厂废水为研究对象,设计并建立了组合式光催化氧化装置联合水解酸化+MBR工艺的中试系统,探讨了组合式光催化氧化装置、氧化剂投加量、pH、反应时间和水力停留时间对系统处理效果的影响。结果表明,组合式光催化氧化装置可有效提高DMSO废水的可生化性。最优工艺参数为:按H2O2与原水COD质量浓度比为2∶1投加H2O2,在pH值为4、反应时间为6 h、水力停留时间为4 h的条件下,该系统对原水COD(5 000 mg/L)去除率大于98%,出水COD达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)一级要求。 相似文献
159.
运用GC-MS、紫外光谱及三维荧光光谱扫描技术考察了石化污水处理厂“水解酸化—厌氧处理—好氧处理”工艺的各单元出水中有机污染物的变化情况。总进水中检出84种主要有机污染物,主要含有烃类27种,酚类5种,醛、酯、醇和酮类化合物共24种,胺类4种,腈、有机酸及其他杂环化合物14种,另有10种物质未定性;该工艺的COD累积去除率达87.66%, 64种有机污染物被完全去除,17种有机污染物去除率可达90%以上,接触氧化池出水中主要含杂环化合物和少量醛、醇、酯类化合物。 相似文献
160.
Background, Aim and Scope
Acid deposition has become a concern in south China in recent years. This phenomenon has increased to a dramatic extent with
the large use of cars and coal- fueled power plants. As a consequence, soils are becoming acidified and their element dynamics
will change. A decrease in the nutrient availability will lead to slower plant growth and maybe to a change in the forest
type with current species being replaced by new ones with less nutrient requirements. Because of these reasons, it is important
to understand how the dynamics of elements will change and what mechanism is part of the process. This knowledge is important
for modeling the acidification process and either finding ways to counter it or to predict its consequences. The primary purpose
of this study was to provide information about how the dynamics of K, Na, Ca, Mg and P are affected by acid deposition in
a typical forest in southern China.
Materials and Methods:
Experimental soils and saplings were collected directly from the monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest in Dinghushan. All
saplings were transplanted individually into ceramic pots in August 2000 and placed in an open area near their origin site.
Pot soils were treated weekly from October, 2000 to July, 2002 with an acidic solution at pH 3.05, pH 3.52, pH 4.00 or pH
4.40, or with tap water as a control. The concentrations of SO42-, NO3-, K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and available P and the pH were
measured in soil and leachate samples taken at different times. The sapling leaves were collected and their element concentrations
were measured at the end of the experiment.
Results:
Concentrations of soil exchangeable Ca and Mg decreased quickly over time, although only Ca showed changes with the acidic
solution treatment and soil exchangeable K was stable because of soil weathering. Leaching of K, Mg and Ca was dependent upon
the treatment acidity. Soil available P decreased slowly without any correlation with the acidity of the treatment. All the
NO3- added by the treatment was taken up by the plants, but the SO42- added accumulated in the soil.
Discussion:
Amongst the plant species, Schima superba was little affected by the treatment, the leaf P content was affected in Acmena
acuminatissima plants and Cryptocarya concinna was the most susceptible species to soil acidification, with a marked decrease
of the leaf K, Ca and Mg concentrations when the treatment acidity increased.
Conclusions:
Simulated acid deposition affected the dynamics of K, Ca and Mg in the monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest. The dynamics
of Ca in the soil and of K, Mg and Ca in the soil leachates were affected by the acidic solution treatment. If such a soil
acidification occurs, Cryptocarya concinna will be amongst the first affected species, but Schima superba will be able to
sustain a good growth and mineral nutrition.
Recommendations and Perspectives:
Acid deposition will lead to imbalance the nutrient elements in the evergreen broad-leaved forest because of accelerated leaching
losses of soil exchangeable Ca and Mg. Measures should be developed to slow down soil acidification or nutrient decrease. 相似文献