天氧消化过程中温度骤降对酸化活动抑制性的研究

对于厌氧消化过程的酸化阶段,反应器内温度的快速下降将对碳水化合物的分解和产酸活动产生明显抑制。当温度依次从30℃下降到25、20和15℃时,反应器内厌氧微生物数量呈缓慢减少趋势,受温度影响不大;但是,厌氧酸化过程却明显表现出受到每一次骤然降温的影响,其碳水化合物的平均去除率随温度骤降从92％依次降低为84％、72％和25％,且最低分别达到78％、52％和10％。研究还表明,随着温度的骤降,厌氧酸化活动将立即受到强烈抑制,并需要一定的时间来恢复以适应发酵温度的改变。     

Forest biomass accumulation is an important source of acidity to forest soils: Data from Swedish inventories of forests and soils 1955 to 2010

The input of acidity to Swedish forest soils through forestry between 1955 and 2010 is compared with the acid input from atmospheric deposition. Depending on region, input of acidity from forestry was the minor part (25–45%) of the study period’s accumulated acid input but is now the dominating source (140–270 mol_c ha⁻¹ year⁻¹). The net uptake of cations due to the increase in standing forest biomass, ranged between 35 and 45% of the forestry related input of acidity while whole-tree harvesting, introduced in the late 1990s, contributed only marginally (< 2%). The geographical gradient in acid input is reflected in the proportion of acidified soils in Sweden but edaphic properties contribute to variations in acidification sensitivity. It is important to consider the acid input due to increases in standing forest biomass in acidification assessments since it is long-term and quantitatively important.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01540-y.     

水解酸化法预处理青霉素废水的试验

在系统分析青霉素废水水质的基础上,进行该废水不同稀释比的水解酸化试验。结果表明:采用水解酸化工艺作为生物处理的预处理手段是有效的,选取HRT为8～10h,CODCr的进水负荷取6～8kgm3·d,废水酸化率达到10%左右,CODCr去除率为20%左右。     

曝气生物滤池工艺处理汽车涂装废水

采用曝气生物滤池(BIOFOR)工艺处理江铃集团汽车涂装废水取得了良好的效果。系统出水达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB89781996)一级排放标准,整个废水处理工程具有处理能力强、处理效果好、耐冲击负荷、不需二沉池、工艺流程简单等优点。     

关于ABR系统中酸解过程的特征及其恢复调控问题

阐述了ABR系统中酸解过程的特征及调控措施 .在酸化初期 ,各隔室pH逐级升高 ,COD和VFA逐隔室降低 ,具有明显的两段厌氧消化的特点 .完全酸化期 ,各隔室pH降到 3 5— 4 5范围后就保持相对稳定 ,各隔室出水COD与进水COD接近 .酸化过程中污泥浓度逐渐降低 ,SVI增大 ,粘度增加 ,容易上浮 ;VFA累积 ,VFA中甲酸、丙酸、丁酸浓度升高 ,随时间延长 ,并无自然恢复迹象 .采用单独调控碱度或降低负荷的方式 ,系统都难以恢复正常 ,只有采用在碱度和负荷同时调控时 ,约 6 0d后系统恢复正常 .     

氮添加对侵蚀退化红壤化学性质及芒萁叶功能性状的影响

蕨类植物芒萁(Dicranopteris dichotoma)是我国南方红壤侵蚀区重要的水土保持植物,但目前氮添加对芒萁叶功能性状及其基部土壤化学性质以及这二者之间关系的影响尚不清楚.以芒萁作为研究对象,采用盆栽实验,设置CK(0 g m-2 a-1)、N1(1.1 g m-2 a-1)、N2(2.3 g m-2 a-...     

川贵地区长江干支流河水主要离子含量变化趋势及分析

收集整理了川贵境内长江干流及某些支流近30年来河水主要离子含量资料,发现该地区河水主要离子含量有以下变化趋势：Ca²⁺、SO²-₄含量及总硬度与总碱度的比值均有升高趋势,某些站点的pH值和HCO^－₃含量还有下降趋势。通过对上述离子含量变化与当地酸沉降、氮肥施用量的关系分析,初步认为当地河水水质变化趋势是环境酸化过程在酸不敏感地区对陆地水水质影响的一种表现。     

土壤酸化对油松生长的影响

褐色森林土酸化后,pH值下降,同时淋溶出大量Al离子和Mn离子。播种在酸化土壤中的油松种子萌发率稍有提高。生长在酸化土壤的油松苗的叶绿素含量,蒸腾强度,光合速率,相对生长率和干重均下降,原因是Al离子和Mn离子对油松的有毒害作用,并且阻止油松对钙离子和镁离子的吸收。表3参12     

Rapid assessment of management options for promoting stock rebuilding in data-poor species under climate change

The development of species recovery plans requires considering likely outcomes of different management interventions, but the complicating effects of climate change are rarely evaluated. We examined how qualitative network models (QNMs) can be deployed to support decision making when data, time, and funding limitations restrict use of more demanding quantitative methods. We used QNMs to evaluate management interventions intended to promote the rebuilding of a collapsed stock of blue king crab (Paralithodes platypus) (BKC) around the Pribilof Islands (eastern Bering Sea) to determine how their potential efficacy may change under climate change. Based on stakeholder input and a literature review, we constructed a QNM that described the life cycle of BKC, key ecological interactions, potential climate-change impacts, relative interaction strengths, and uncertainty in terms of interaction strengths and link presence. We performed sensitivity analyses to identify key sources of prediction uncertainty. Under a scenario of no climate change, predicted increases in BKC were reliable only when stock enhancement was implemented in a BKC hatchery-program scenario. However, when climate change was accounted for, the intervention could not counteract its adverse impacts, which had an overall negative effect on BKC. The remaining management scenarios related to changes in fishing effort on BKC predators. For those scenarios, BKC outcomes were unreliable, but climate change further decreased the probability of observing recovery. Including information on relative interaction strengths increased the likelihood of predicting positive outcomes for BKC approximately 5–50% under the management scenarios. The largest gains in prediction precision will be made by reducing uncertainty associated with ecological interactions between adult BKC and red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus). Qualitative network models are useful options when data are limited, but they remain underutilized in conservation.     

国外生命周期影响评价中酸化模型的方法概述

生命周期影响评价是生命周期评价的重要组成部分,而其中的特征化过程是实现定量评价的关键步骤。酸化（Acidification）是生命周期影响评价（LCIA）中最为普遍的影响类型之一,指由酸性气体排放引起生态环境破坏以及人体健康的损害。欧洲、北美、日本等发达国家都建立了自己的生命周期影响评价体系,本文分析了这些地区存在的酸化模型方法,对建立中国的生命周期评价数据库具有重要的意义。