武汉市二郎庙污水处理厂污泥培养驯化方案选择及实施

武汉市二郎庙污水处理厂设计规模24×10^4m^3/d,采用改良A/A/O处理工艺。主要介绍了污泥培养驯化方案的制定,过程和经验,可为类似城市污水处理厂的调试和试运行提供借鉴。     

燃煤电厂CO2减排技术进展

温室气体CO2的减排问题已经引起了国际社会的极大关注。火电行业是CO2排放量的主体。燃煤电厂实施碳减排和碳零排放是走向清洁能源必由之路。目前,燃煤电厂实施CO2的减排主要是从常规燃煤电厂烟道气分离CO2,其中,电厂CO2捕集技术路线主要包括燃烧后脱碳、燃烧前脱碳、富氧燃烧以及化学链燃烧技术。     

基于工作过程的《二级污水处理厂运行、维护与管理》课程设计

基于工作过程的《二级污水处理厂运行、维护与管理》课程设计采用情境教学模式,以工作过程为导向将各教学情境对应工作岗位,以人为本,以实践为主导,以培养能力为本位,采用多种方法和手段进行教学,多种考核形式相结合进行知识学习成果评价。     

Plant vintages, grandfathering, and environmental policy

Environmental regulations that grandfather existing plants, by not holding them to the same strict standards as new plants, may have the unintended consequence of retarding new investment. If new plants are cleaner, then this effect may increase pollution in the short run. I develop a dynamic model of a facility’s decisions over scrapping and abatement, which depend on capital depreciation, profitability shocks, and environmental policy. Using data from fossil fuel fired boilers at electric power plants, I estimate the structural parameters of the model and assess the impact of grandfathering in the Clean Air Act on sulfur dioxide emissions. Counterfactual policy simulations show that an increase in the stringency of performance standards would have led to a decrease in investment in new boilers. However, this does not lead to increased emissions, since there is less investment in dirtier coal boilers as compared to relatively cleaner oil or natural gas boilers.     

多年生植物的芽休眠及调控机理研究进展

芽休眠是一种有益的生物学特性,能够使多年生植物避开不利的环境条件,使种群在不利环境条件下得以生存.综述了多年生植物芽休眠的机制及其调控的研究进展.芽休眠是一个受多个因素和多种基因综合调控的复杂生命现象,其形成和解除受到光照、温度、水分等外界环境因素的影响和调控.在这个过程中,植物体内的激素、糖类、多胺和Ca2+等信号分子以及抗氧化酶类和能量代谢酶类等发生一系列的变化与之相适应.这些变化是在相应的基因表达调控下实现的,这些基因涉及到光、温响应基因,水分响应基因,能量代谢基因,胁迫响应基因,激素相关基因,以及MADS-box转录因子等,它们构成一个复杂的调控网络,共同控制着芽休眠的形成与解除.结合研究课题提出今后芽休眠机制的研究方向以及在农业上的应用前景.图1参67     

华南地区11种高等水生维管植物净化城镇污水效益评价

采用定标、单项评分和综合评价的方法，从净化能力、抗逆性、管理、资源化程度和景观５方面，对华南地区筛选出的１１种高等维管植物净化城镇污水效益进行了评价。结果表明：黑藻、假马齿苋和水筛对污水的净化能力与风眼莲相当，而综合效能优于风眼莲。评价结果为城镇污水的处理提供了新的资料。     

A COMPUTER SIMULATION PROGRAM FOR OPTIMIZING CONJUNCTIVE OPERATION OF DESALTING PLANTS1

ABSTRACT .Desalting plants can provide a means of firming up erratic natural supplies when properly operated in conjunction with existing water supply reservoir systems. Since the natural inflow is variable, the choice of when to run the desalting plant is difficult. If the plant is turned on too late, a shortage may result; or if the plant runs too long, costly water may be wasted. A computer program is described that can help water planners find an optimal operating rule, i.e., a policy that tells when to turn the plant on and off to meet a given demand. Criteria for defining the firm water yield of the system (with and without desalting) are first defined. The logic of the program is then described. The program, written in FORTRAN IV, successively simulates operation of the given size reservoir-desalting plant system under control of various operating rules and selects the optimal rule as the one which produces the required firm water yield at the least unit cost. The optimal plant size and the staging of construction can also be studied by making a series of computations. Applications of the Operating Rule Program to water systems in California, Utah and New York are described. The studies show that, compared with base load operation, substantial savings are possible if optimum intermittent conjunctive operation of the desalting plant is followed.     

Predicting Future Threats to the Native Vegetation of Robinson Crusoe Island, Juan Fernandez Archipelago, Chile

Abstract:   The Juan Fernandez Archipelago, a Chilean national park and biosphere reserve, is 700 km west of continental Chile. Invasive plant species pose major threats to the native, highly endemic vegetation, especially on Robinson Crusoe Island (Mas a Tierra), where there is a permanent settlement. We used historical and recent vegetation map data as well as recent vegetational point data to reconstruct vegetational changes on the island since the early twentieth century. In addition, we used logistic regression models with environmental variables or their surrogates (elevation, solar radiation, topographic similarity index, slope position) to estimate the potential distributions of the worst invaders. Native vegetation has been affected most severely by Acaena argentea , Aristotelia chilensis , Rubus ulmifolius , and Ugni molinae , leading to a significant decrease of endemic plants in the montane forests and native shrublands. The native forest has decreased by approximately one-third. The area affected by Aristotelia chilensis increased from 6.5% to 14% of the total island area. Ugni molinae , once rare, is now abundant (4.6%), as is Acaena (11.9%). Rubus ulmifolius , not present 80 years ago, now covers about 7% of the island's surface. The distributions of all studied species except Rubus ulmifolius are significantly ( p < 0.05) controlled by the environmental factors we examined. Inferring from potential distributions of Aristotelia chilensis and Ugni molinae , 50% of the native montane forest could be invaded or replaced (with a probability of >60%) by these plants. Based on the invasion speed of the past 80 years, this would take another 80 years if conservation measures do not succeed.     

花卉植物修复剩余污泥中重金属的实验研究

文章采用徐州四种本土花卉植物,通过盆栽试验研究花卉植物对徐州姚庄污水处理厂剩余污泥中重金属的修复效果。主要研究结论如下:(1)吊兰在整个实验期内生长旺盛,污泥中重金属对其无毒害作用,相反金盏菊、矮牵牛、三色堇都受到不同程度的重金属毒害作用;(2)从积累特征分析,四种花卉植物对各种重金属均表现出一定的富集效果和转运效果,但是没有达到超积累植物的标准;(3)四种花卉植物茎叶部中,吊兰对Cu、Zn、Pb的积累量最大,最大值分别为2.58mg/plant、5.76mg/plant、0.29mg/plant,金盏菊对Cd的积累量最大,最大值为0.200mg/plant;四种花卉植物根部中,吊兰对Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的积累量最大,最大值分别为3.12mg/plant、8.77mg/plant、0.29mg/plant、0.24mg/plant;(4)从四种花卉植物对重金属的耐性、积累特征和积累总量来看,吊兰的富集效果优于其它三种花卉植物。