人工湿地生态系统提高氮磷去除率的研究进展

介绍了人工湿地及其去除污水中氮磷的机理，并从湿地植物、基质和微生物三个方面系统地阐述了目前人工湿地系统提高氮磷去除率的研究进展情况；提出了可以通过改良湿地系统设计提高氮磷净化效果、利用培养优化菌种与调节环境条件促进湿地系统氮磷的转化及通过在基质中添加合适的附料、提高人工湿地系统植物多样性从而增加氮磷的吸附吸收的建议，为人工湿地污水净化技术的应用研究提供了有益的参考。     

植物根表铁锰氧化物胶膜的环境生态作用

许多湿地、水生植物根系都具有向根际环境释放氧气和氧化物,在根表和根际形成铁、锰氧化物胶膜的能力。因其所具有的特殊的物理或化学结构,植物根表的铁锰氧化物胶膜在环境生态中起重要作用。文章综述了植物根表铁锰氧化物的形成与特征,对有害金属和类金属污染物、有机污染物的吸附和富集作用,对富营养化水体的净化作用,以及提高植物的耐酸和耐贫瘠能力。借助新技术或研究手段强化铁、锰氧化物胶膜对湿地或水体有害金属和有机污染物的调控作用,是今后的发展方向。     

土壤种子库对原有植被恢复的贡献

世界各国在大面积采用外来种替代本地树种之后 ,森林在植物组成上有很大变化[1,2 ] ,维管束植物迅速的减少 ,尤其是春天萌发的草本植物快速减少[2～ 7] .在苏格兰 ,次生木本植物在森林中所占的比例不到 10 % [8] ,而外来Piceasitchenisis几乎占了5 0 % [9] .大面积的外来物种纯林所带来的危害就是在林分的稳定性、抵御病虫害以及发挥森林的生态效益等方面表现出明显的劣势 .目前 ,一些地区的森林管理者提出用本地种逐渐取代外来种的经营目标[10 ,11] .原有森林地表植被的恢复主要有以下几种途径 :(1)种植缺失的草本植物 ;(2 )临近原始林种…     

酸雨对外来植物入侵的影响

酸雨和外来种入侵都是全球关注的问题。结合外来入侵植物的生态适应特性以及酸雨的危害特征,系统分析了酸雨对外来植物入侵产生的影响。酸雨对外来植物入侵的影响是复杂多样的。酸雨导致群落冠层稀疏,群落透光率增加,加之氮沉降后土壤、水体氮素的增加,有利于生长力强的外来喜阳植物入侵;酸雨加速土壤酸化,促使基本离子淋失以及A1毒等危害植物的生长发育,植物的内源激素以及化感作用发生改变,适应力和耐受力强的外来植物在与本地植物竞争中处于相对优势而成为入侵种;酸雨以及外来植物入侵改变了土壤微生物群落结构,影响本地植物的生长而促使外来植物的入侵。     

Forest Health Monitoring in the United States: First Four Years

To address the need for more effective methods for evaluating and assessing forest ecosystem health, the USDA-Forest Service and the US Environmental Protection Agency through its Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program developed the Forest Health Monitoring program. The program was initiated in 1990 and by 1994 was present in the major areas of the United States. This paper presents an overview of the program, the indicators and methods developed for the program, and some of the results after four years of monitoring and research.     

浅谈风力发电项目生态恢复环境监理

低山丘陵区风力发电场项目建设对生态的破坏日益明显,开展风电场施工期环境监理具有重要意义。通过对低山丘陵区风电项目施工期环境监理经验的总结,阐述了铁岭市风电场生态恢复的现状及开展生态恢复环境监理的重要作用,并对施工期的合理安排、原生植被的保护与利用、监理关键技术及环境监理人员的素质要求等相关生态恢复环境监理问题进行了探讨。     

长沙市典型园林植物叶片的滞尘等级与模式识别研究

基于长沙市10种典型植物叶片的多个滞尘指标,运用模糊数学理论构建植物的滞尘等级与识别模型,实现绿化植物滞尘综合量化评判方法的探究.首先,常规方法采集叶样后,运用打孔称质量法测量叶表面积参数,显微观察法计算植物叶表气孔与绒毛密度,干洗法测量单位叶面积最大滞尘量与自然滞尘量.然后,运用模糊聚类理论对10种植物滞尘指标进行滞...     

基于HYDRUS-1D模型的植物根系对人工基质水分特征曲线参数的影响

为了定量揭示绿色屋顶植物根系对人工基质水力特性的影响,选用两种景天属植物（垂盆草和佛甲草）及两种人工基质（珍珠岩和蛭石）进行水分及溶质运移实验,基于HYDRUS-1D模型反演人工基质水分特征曲线参数,以此分析植物根系所引起的人工基质水分特征曲线参数的变化.结果发现,植物根系使两种人工基质残余含水率θ_r降低、权重系数w增加.不同植物根系对两种人工基质饱和含水率θ_s的影响不同, 体现为垂盆草根系相较佛甲草根系对θ_s的影响范围更小.植物根系对人工基质吸力参数α₁、α₂的改变效应随人工基质种类发生变化,表现为珍珠岩基质α₁、α₂均因垂盆草根系得以提高、因佛甲草根系而降低,蛭石基质α₁、α₂则因植物根系分别降低和增加.研究结果可为绿色屋顶 植物-人工基质结构优化提供科学依据.     

Assessment of the small modular reactor (SMR) marketing using modified network dynamics-based system dynamics (SD) method

Following the export success of the South Korean small modular reactor (SMR), it has been investigated for the marketing strategy of nuclear power plants (NPPs). The information feedback oriented method for the social-business matters, system dynamics (SD), is applied to the assessment of the marketing strategy in which the forecasting skills are performed. Each element has the Boolean value as 0 or 1 in which the values are selected by the random number generation. If the generated values are higher than the designed value decided by the operator, it is 1. Otherwise, it is 0. The networking based dynamical modeling is discussed. The modification of the linear networking is changed by the SD algorithm where the feedback and multiple connections are added to the original network dynamics theory. This new method has shown the complexity of the marketing strategy, especially for the NPPs.     

Translocation of threatened plants as a conservation measure in China

We assessed the current status of plant conservation translocation efforts in China, a topic poorly reported in recent scientific literature. We identified 222 conservation translocation cases involving 154 species, of these 87 were Chinese endemic species and 101 (78%) were listed as threatened on the Chinese Species Red List. We categorized the life form of each species and, when possible, determined for each case the translocation type, propagule source, propagule type, and survival and reproductive parameters. A surprisingly large proportion (26%) of the conservation translocations in China were conservation introductions, largely implemented in response to large‐scale habitat destruction caused by the Three‐Gorge Dam and another hydropower project. Documentation and management of the translocations varied greatly. Less than half the cases had plant survival records. Statistical analyses showed that survival percentages were significantly correlated with plant life form and the type of planting materials. Thirty percent of the cases had records on whether or not individuals flowered or fruited. Results of information theoretic model selection indicated that plant life form, translocation type, propagule type, propagule source, and time since planting significantly influenced the likelihood of flowering and fruiting on the project level. We suggest that the scientific‐based application of species conservation translocations should be promoted as part of a commitment to species recovery management. In addition, we recommend that the common practice of within and out of range introductions in nature reserves to be regulated more carefully due to its potential ecological risks. We recommend the establishment of a national office and database to coordinate conservation translocations in China. Our review effort is timely considering the need for a comprehensive national guideline for the newly announced nation‐wide conservation program on species with extremely small populations, which is expected to stimulate conservation translocations for many species in the near future.