《火力发电厂锅炉烟气袋式除尘器滤料滤袋技术条件》标准解读

主要介绍了电力行业新标准《火力发电厂锅炉烟气袋式除尘器滤料滤袋技术条件》（DL／T1175—2012）的修订背景及主要内容,重点分析了针对火电行业应用的袋式除尘滤料纤维、基布、缝纫线等重要指标,并对今后的标准化发展进行了展望。     

热镀锌厂酸洗废水和锌灰中回收硫化锌

从热镀锌厂的酸洗废水和锌灰中回收硫化锌,采用X射线能谱仪(EDS),X射线衍射仪(XRD),傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)和场发射透射电镜(FETEM)表征样品ZnS性质,电感耦合等离子发射体(ICP-OES)分析上清液性质,并研究该反应动力学过程。EDS和ICP分析表明,样品ZnS纯度达到85.45%,其上清液含有高浓度铁,含量为2 g/L,可用于制备复合亚铁絮凝剂,而其他重金属离子浓度均低于电镀废水排放标准。XRD分析表明,样品ZnS是立方晶型,调节pH和采用滴加方式能有效改善样品ZnS的晶型。采用Scherrer公式计算晶体粒径,结果表明,晶粒大小在3~6 nm之间。FTIR分析表明,样品ZnS呈现良好的红外透明性,且温度、pH和滴加方式对样品的红外透光性基本没有影响。FETEM结合XRD图表明,该纳米晶呈片状,近似为球形,呈多层叠加,分散性不明显,有团聚现象。动力学实验表明,逆一级动力学方程适合描述硫化沉淀的反应动力学过程,活化能为39.04 kJ/mol,沉淀过程受化学反应和扩散联合控制。     

Heavy Metal Uptake by Two Edible Amaranthus Herbs Grown on Soils Contaminated with Lead,Mercury, Cadmium,and Nickel

The uptake of an element by a plant is primarily dependent on the plant species, its inherent controls, and the soil quality. Amaranthus hybridus (green herbs) and Amaranthus dubius (red herbs) were chosen to investigate their response and ability to accumulate and tolerate varying levels of elements in their roots and shoots. Red herbs and green herbs were grown in soil pots contaminated with three mixtures of Cd(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), and Hg(II). Plants in the control treatment were grown in the absence of the heavy metals mixture. The distribution of Cd, Ni, Pb, and Hg in the plants (in roots, stems, and leaves) was determined in two stages. Stage 1, after 5 weeks of plant growth and stage 2, full grown after 10 weeks of growth. In the red herbs the Cd concentration in the leaves at stage 2 was 150 ppm and was present in higher concentrations than Ni, Hg, and Pb. At the highest contamination level, in the green herbs plant, Hg was present in the highest concentration in the root, i.e., 336 ppm at stage 1, while the level in the leaves was 7.12 ppm. Both the green and red herbs species showed an affinity for Ni and Cd with moderate to high levels detected in the leaves, respectively.     

燃煤电厂电-袋复合除尘器的应用及问题分析

近年来,部分燃煤电厂采用了电-袋复合除尘器,通过对33台电-袋复合除尘器的调查分析,结果发现在2年半内就发生了大量破袋而全部更换,其原因是前级电除尘器产生臭氧使烟气中NO2、SO3等含量有所增加,引起下游的滤袋大面积强度下降导致大量破损。所以在推广应用中要慎重,避免造成不必要的损失。     

种龄、种内竞争及环境因子对紫茎泽兰种子萌发影响的研究

紫茎泽兰（Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng）,菊科多年生草本或半灌木植物,是世界性入侵杂草,也是目前危害我国最为严重的外来入侵杂草之一,对我国西南地区农业、畜牧业的良好发展以及生态环境造成了严重的危害。种子繁殖是紫茎泽兰初始建群,尤其是远距离传播的主要途径。环境对种子萌发具有决定性作用,对于物种的生存具有重要意义。因此,本试验通过室内生测法分析了紫茎泽兰种子保存时间、种内竞争及环境温度、盐分胁迫及水分胁迫等因素对紫茎泽兰种子萌发的影响。结果表明：紫茎泽兰种子寿命较长,存放2.5年的种子萌发率仍可达45.67%;紫茎泽兰种子萌发时种内竞争作用较强,能够显著降低其种子的萌发势和萌发率;紫茎泽兰种子萌发所需的温度范围较宽,在12~30℃温度范围内均可萌发,且随环境温度的升高,种子萌发越快,萌发率越高,高温（30℃/22℃）处理下种子萌发率可达到90.33%;同时发现,紫茎泽兰种子萌发对环境中的盐分浓度十分敏感,0.25%的盐质量分数即可达到种子的致死水平,1%的盐质量分数处理即可使种子完全丧失萌发能力。紫茎泽兰种子较耐水淹环境,浸水处理6 d的种子的萌发率仍高达65.68%。由此表明,紫茎泽兰种子不适应盐碱环境,而适宜于温暖潮湿的自然环境。这为探析紫茎泽兰种子萌发活动生理提供了一定的基础资料,同时,也为有效、安全的防除紫茎泽兰提供了科学依据。     

园林植物清除细菌能力的研究

为筛选出除菌能力较强的园林植物,应用撞击平皿法采用内膏蛋白胨琼脂培养基进行样品采集与培养,通过多元素方差分析方法确定测定值的可比条件,对园林植物清除空气中细菌的能力进行比较研究。结果表明,园林植物具有较强的清除细菌能力,其能力大小在不同种类间具一定差异;其中,一串红、接骨木、火炬树、京桃、树锦鸡儿等植物除菌率小于４０％,落叶松、圆柏、垂榆、加杨、华北柽柳、鸡冠花、黑心菊等除菌率为４０％～８０％,油     

燃煤电厂烟气排放过程监控系统设计与应用

介绍了燃煤电厂烟气排放过程（工况）监控系统的架构,排放过程监控子系统、参数监测子系统和数据采集传输子系统的实现方式,过程监控采集参数选择方法,模型建立步骤与验证方法。结合实际应用,分析如何判定脱硫设施运转正常,烟气参数监测是否正确,并提出了做好过程监控系统工作的相关建议。     

固城湖水生植物的组成现状和动态变化研究初探

对固城湖水生植被现状和动态变化进行研究,为水生植被控制和恢复提出针对性的意见,同时也为长江中下游流域中的类似湖泊提供沉水植被科学管理的依据。     

胶州湾入海河流和排污口水体中壬基酚的污染状况调查及入海通量核算

调查了2009年枯水期和丰水期胶州湾河流入海口和污水处理厂排污口壬基酚污染状况,并初步估算了胶州湾陆源壬基酚的入海通量。结果显示,入胶州湾各河流水体中壬基酚浓度差异较大,枯水期和丰水期分别为0.11～3.17 μg/L和0.09～10.8 μg/L,其中墨水河污染最为严重,其次为娄山河、海泊河、跃进河、李村河、大沽河、镰湾河和白沙河,而洋河污染则相对较轻;各污水处理厂出水口壬基酚浓度相对稳定,枯水期和丰水期为0.11～0.17 μg/L和0.15～0.29 μg/L。枯水期和丰水期胶州湾壬基酚入海通量分别为6.5 kg/d和11.8 kg/d。     

An entropy-based TOPSIS approach for analyzing and assessing crisis management systems in petrochemical industries

Crisis management systems should be assessed and updated in petrochemical industries due to hazards, such as fire and explosion. Successful crisis management systems can protect both personnel and property in the petrochemical industries. The present study aimed to assess crisis management systems of five petrochemical plants in terms of three aspects, including organizational aspects, human aspects, and technical aspects. A questionnaire was designed, encompassing 34 items to cover all three aspects at both management and staff levels. A multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach, including the entropy method and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), was used to analyze the collected data. The outcomes of the entropy method indicated that organizational and human aspects had the greatest influence on crisis management systems of the plants with 58% and 49% importance at management and staff levels, respectively. The crisis management systems of the investigated plants were ranked and analyzed using the TOPSIS approach. The findings of this study could assist managers and other decision-makers to address the issues of crisis management systems in petrochemical industries.