固定化细胞小球降解三氟甲苯的特性研究

制备了包埋菌种z3的海藻酸钙小球，对固定化细胞小球的机械强度和三氟甲苯的降解率做了研究。通过改变海藻酸钙凝胶组成，添加硅藻土、蛋白质，使用交联剂己二胺、戊二醛等方法，提高了固定化包埋小球交联的密度和机械强度，保持了固定化小球对三氟甲苯的降解活性。扫描电镜显示了包埋小球经过己二胺一戊二醛处理之后，小球的表面结构成网格状，内部网格复杂化，不均匀程度增加。     

固定化微生物对养殖水体浮游生物的影响及生物除氮研究

研究了固定化微生物(含有光合细菌、芽胞杆菌、硝化细菌以及反硝化细菌)对养殖水体中藻类和浮游动物的种类、数量、生物量以及水体氮素等理化环境的影响.结果表明,固定化微生物处理后,水体中藻的种数增加,藻类细胞(或丝状体)数量及生物量减少;水体中浮游动物种类和生物量增加,从而浮游动物的群落组成发生了变化.微生物经固定化处理后,脱氮率高,有效期长;小球内固定化微生物总数和与脱氮速率呈正相关,其回归方程为y=-6.23×10-3 1.86×10-5x;固定化微生物处理可以显著降低水体的总氮、氨态氮和硝态氮的浓度,其含量分别是对照的40.8%、36.5%和45.9%.图3表1参10     

混合固定化硝化菌和好氧反硝化菌处理焦化废水

对传统的聚乙烯醇(PVA)固定化方法进行了改进,试制了加入麦秸粉末的固定化球和以活性炭纤维膜为载体膜固定化细胞产品。混合固定化硝化细菌和好氧反硝化细菌对经过厌氧折流板反应器酸化后的焦化废水进行脱氮,焦化废水在厌氧折流板反应器中经过18 h的酸化后,pH在8.0左右,开始进入好氧槽进行脱氮。在有效容积为5 L好氧槽中经过12 h的曝气处理,加入麦秸粉末的固定化球对氨氮的去除率高达94.3%;纤维膜固定化细胞产品对氨氮的去除率为85%。整个脱氮过程无NO^-₂-N和NO^-₂-N的积累,实现了好氧条件下的同时硝化和反硝化。     

H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads光催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,空心微珠为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2/beads光催化剂载体,然后浸渍法制备出H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads表面负载修饰型复合光催化剂,并运用SEM、XRD、FT-IR和DRS对催化剂进行表征和分析。研究了H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads对亚甲基蓝降解的光催化活性,考察了光强度、pH值、曝气量、底物浓度和催化剂用量等对催化效率的影响。实验结果表明,在中性条件下,H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads催化剂的投加量为0.25 g/L,浓度为7.5 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液在250 W的紫外灯和600 W的可见光灯下光照60 min降解率分别可达到94.5%和55%。     

Thiolsulfonate functionalized polystyrene resin： Preparation and application in the isolation and identification of electrophilic mutagens

A new approach for isolation and identification of elecrtophilic mutagens from complex matrix was developed.Thiosulfonic anion was immobilized onto polystyrene beads and used as separation media.Potassium polystyryl-thiosulfonate,prepared from polystyryl- sulfonyl chloride and KHS,was observed to selectively react with model electrophilic mutagens such as alkyl halides,α-chloroketones andα-chloroesters to produce polystyryl-thiosulfonic esters.After separation from other nonreactive organic compounds,the beads then reacted with ethanethiol to produce unsymmetrical ethyl disulfides which are easily detected by GC/MS.For one mutagenic compound,only one unsymmetrical disulfide was found to contain its structure part.Thus,the structure of the parent mutagens could be deduced from that of the unsymmetrical disulfides.The degree of functionaiization of the potassium polystyryl-thiosulfonate resin was 1.11 mmol/g.Its reactivity was discussed and its recycling method was reported here.     

以氨氮作为SBR处理对甲苯胺废水的控制参数

采用大孔树脂白球固定化微生物强化SBR处理含对甲苯胺废水,考察了降解过程中对甲苯胺与氨氮浓度变化的相关性.结果表明当反应器中氨氮浓度由上升转为下降的时候,对甲苯胺基本完全降解.在进水中蔗糖浓度为0～500mg/L,曝气量为0.6～1.2L/min,温度为10～25℃的实验条件下,氨氮与对甲苯胺浓度变化表现出良好的相关性.     

新型负载型光催化剂的制备及其光催化活性研究

以硝酸钙和磷酸为原料,采用均匀沉淀法制备了羟基磷灰石(HAP);以HAP为载体,采用浸渍-提拉法制得负载型光催化剂TiO2／HAP,并用其对酸性媒介红B进行光催化氧化实验;探讨了HAP煅烧温度和TiO2负载量对TiO2／HAP光催化活性的影响,并利用XRD、FT—IR和TEM对载体及TiO2／HAP催化剂进行了表征。实验结果表明,煅烧温度、TiO2负载量对HAP吸附性能及催化活性有较大的影响;TiO2／HAP的催化活性明显优于TiO2／玻片的催化活性。     

催化湿式氧化农药废水及催化剂的研究

通过浸渍法制备了4种氧化物为主活性组分的负载固定型催化剂,用于过氧化氢催化湿式氧化(CWHPO)处理有机农药废水。用实验确定了催化湿式氧化的条件,不同催化剂处理效果的比较表明,四元组合MnO2CuOCeO2CoO催化剂性能较好,当反应在常温常压下,维持pH=7～9,反应时间为40min时,COD的去除率大于80%,色度去除率大于90%。     

Uptake of Ni2+ and rhodamine B by nano-hydroxyapatite/alginate composite beads: batch and continuous-flow systems

Alginate encapsulated nano-hydroxyapatite beads were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface analysis, and X-ray diffraction. Their adsorptive potential for Ni²⁺ and rhodamine B was explored in batch mode and by fixed-bed column passage. In the batch system, maximum uptake capacity for Ni²⁺ was 360 mg g^?1 and 480 mg g^?1 for rhodamine B. In the presence of humic acid, sorption was enhanced. For the continuous-flow system, adsorption was effective at low flow rate. For both pollutants, mass transport resistance increased during adsorption. The overall rates of rhodamine B and Ni²⁺ uptake were found to be controlled by external mass transfer.     

一株好氧反硝化菌的筛选鉴定及固定化研究

从污水处理厂的活性污泥中筛选得到1株好氧反硝化细菌(YS),对其进行分子生物学鉴定和理化性能测试,并考察了该菌株固定化前后反硝化能力的变化.鉴定结果表明,菌株YS为反硝化产碱菌(Alcaligenes denitrificans).菌株经固定化后,其酶活力有所下降,但稳定性增强,在4 ℃下储存50 d后,固定态菌株对硝酸根的去除率仍可维持在80%以上,而游离态菌株仅为15%.在pH 7.0条件下,固定态菌株的反硝化率比游离态菌株低3%左右,但当pH降低至5.0时,固定态菌株对硝酸根的去除率为72.4%,比游离态菌株高2.6%,表明固定态菌株比游离态菌株更适应于弱酸的环境.在不同的工艺条件下,固定态菌株与游离态菌株反硝化能力的变化趋势相同.菌株YS的最适条件为:接种量1.5%左右,pH为6.0,C/N比为11,葡萄糖为碳源.