Changes in hematological parameters of Rana frogs in a transformed urban environment

Hematological parameters of green frogs from populations exposed to the influence of urbanization and pollution were studied from 1999 to 2004. Manifestations of an adaptive response to a complex of corresponding ecological factors were observed, including the development of immune response and the enhancement of the protective function of peripheral blood. A negative correlation was revealed between the integrated index of the immune status and the number of T cells in the peripheral blood. This is evidence that parameters of the T-cell subpopulation are most informative and, therefore, have special significance for assessing the balance of immune system components.     

铝暴露对雏鸡免疫功能的影响

以1周龄伊莎雏鸡为实验对象,采用连续腹腔注射的方法,研究了铝暴露对雏鸡免疫功能的影响.实验设对照、低、中、高4个剂量组,暴露剂量分别为0、18.31、27.47、36.62mg·kg-1·d-1(Al3+),暴露60d后,检测雏鸡血清、脾脏和法氏囊中元素Al、Fe、Zn、Mn、Ca、Cu含量及血清补体(C3、C4)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量.结果表明,暴露60d后,与对照组雏鸡相比,低、中、高剂量组雏鸡血清、脾脏和法氏囊中Al、血清补体C4和TNF-α含量均有不同程度地升高,而Fe、Zn、Mn、Ca、Cu、C3和IL-2含量均有不同程度地降低;随着铝暴露剂量的增加,Al、C4和TNF-α含量逐渐升高,而Fe、Zn、Mn、Ca、Cu、C3和IL-2含量逐渐降低,均存在一定的剂量-效应关系.上述结果表明,铝暴露对雏鸡免疫功能具有明显的抑制作用.     

The role of percutaneous umbilical blood sampling in the management of immune thrombocytopenic purpura

On consultation, percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS) was offered to women with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) to determine the mode and site of delivery prior to labour. Between January 1989 and December 1993, 41 pregnant women underwent PUBS. All women had a history of ITP, a platelet count less than 90 K, (+) antiplatelet antibody, and/or thrombocytopenia diagnosed early in pregnancy. PUBS was performed at term except in one patient with preterm labour, who underwent PUBS at 31 weeks' gestation. Patients with fetal platelet counts greater than 50 K returned to their referring physician for delivery. Records were complete in 39 pregnancies. Fetal blood was successfully obtained in 37 of 39 cases (95 per cent). Fetal platelet counts correlated with neonatal platelet counts in 36 of 37 cases (97 per cent). The interval between PUBS and delivery ranged from 0 to 31 days. Six of 37 fetuses (16 per cent) had significant fetal thrombocytopenia (<50 K). These six patients underwent Caesarean section. Vaginal delivery was recommended in all others. There were two procedure-related complications. There were no cases of intraventricular haemorrhage in any of the neonates. In conclusion, there is a high incidence of fetal thrombocytopenia in women with ITP. PUBS reliably detects fetal thrombocytopenia and is therefore useful in the perinatal planning of the mode and site of delivery.     

铀矿山穿孔爆破系统免疫遗传优化控制

根据地下铀矿山穿孔爆破系统特点及放射性污染物的特性,应用自适应模糊推理技术构建爆破矿石块度模型,应用放射性污染物迁移机制构建氡浓度析出模型,再将其模型参数换算成与穿爆参数关联的氡浓度模型,然后构建铀矿山氡浓度控制下穿孔爆破系统的集成模型,最后运用免疫遗传优化算法对其进行优化求解。实例分析表示该方法可在满足氡浓度的要求下实现块度最优化问题,为铀矿山安全生产提供了重要决策依据。     

环境污染物免疫毒性及其研究技术

随着免疫毒理学的发展以及人类对免疫毒性的认识,外源物质的免疫毒性逐渐成为毒理学研究热点。国内外诸多研究表明,多数环境污染物具有免疫毒性,并且不同的污染物产生免疫毒性的作用机制也不同。论文介绍了免疫毒性的基本概念和主要研究技术,综述了这些研究技术在当前环境污染物的免疫毒性研究中的应用,并提出了免疫毒性研究发展中的不足。     

基于免疫识别机理的危化品港区应急管理分析

完善的危化品港区应急管理体系能够有效的预防和减少事故,将风险和损失降到 最低。针对中国危化品港区应急管理现状,提出了基于生物免疫识别机理的SWOT-ANP综 合分析模型。从优势－劣势－机遇－威胁(SWOT) 4个方面对现状进行分析,确定和建立 应急管理指标体系。分别采用AHP和ANP方法对各因素之间的相互依赖和反馈关系加以比 较并分析计算。对比结果表明:虽然国家对危化品港区应急管理方面关注度有所增强, 但是仍然存在应急文化缺失,审查监管不足和预警机制不完善等问题,目前发展的最佳 战略是SO战略组合。     

免疫进化算法反演均匀混合气溶胶吸湿增长因子

通过对大气消光系数进行组分分解,并借助米散射理论,构建了以均匀混合气溶胶吸湿增长因子为唯一变量的目标函数.进一步利用免疫进化算法优化该目标函数,提出了一种针对均匀混合气溶胶吸湿增长因子的反演算法.基于成都市2017年10~12月浊度计,黑碳仪和GRIMM180环境颗粒物监测仪的地面逐时观测资料以及该时段同时次的环境气象监测数据（大气能见度,相对湿度RH和NO₂质量浓度）,评估了算法的性能及其适用性.结果表明：对所有测试样本而言,反演均匀混合气溶胶吸湿增长因子的免疫进化算法均能快速收敛到全局最优解.建立了成都地区秋冬季均匀混合气溶胶吸湿增长模型,该模型显著提升了环境条件下气溶胶散射系数的模拟精度,其模拟值与实测值之间的平均相对误差仅为12.7%.该反演算法的普适性可为气溶胶吸湿性及其辐射强迫效应的后续研究提供算法保障.     

塑料增塑剂对凡纳滨对虾存活、生长和免疫的影响(Effects of Plastic Plasticizers on Survival, Growth and Immune Factors of Litopenaeus vannamei)

研究了塑料增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)存活、生长和免疫的影响.96h急性毒性实验表明,在助溶剂Tween20的安全浓度范围内,随着DMP、DEP、DBP和DOP水平的升高,凡纳滨对虾存活率呈下降趋势,24h、48h、72h和96h的LC50分别为40.33、35.29、25.48、19.14mg·L-1,30.52、23.45、16.96、15.38mg·L-1,7.51、6.97、6.57、6.06mg·L-1和6.85、5.87、5.01、4.47mg·L-1;DMP、DEP、DBP和DOP对凡纳滨对虾的安全浓度随塑料增塑剂碳链的增加呈下降趋势,分别为8.11、4.15、1.80和1.29mg·L-1.90d慢性毒性实验表明,凡纳滨对虾存活率、特定生长率、血清蛋白含量、血清酚氧化酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性均以对照组和0.0400mg·L-1助溶剂Tween20处理组最高,而且显著高于1/100倍DMP、DEP、DBP和DOP安全浓度处理组(p<0.05).     

Hepatic and immune biological effect assays in C57BL/6 mice to measure polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon bioavailability under laboratory exposures with increasing environmental relevance

Background Monitoring biological responses that are mediated via the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in animals exposed to environmental contaminants can indicate both the presence to chemicals that act through this biochemical pathway and whether these chemicals are bioavailable. Objectives The use of an ex-situ method that incorporated biological responsiveness monitoring in mice for determining the presence of ‘biologically active’ hydrocarbons in contaminated soils was investigated. Methods The use of C57BL/6 as a test organism was validated by determining hepatic and immune responsiveness to two polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): 3,4 benz[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and 1,2 benz (a)anthracene (BA) administered via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. The responsiveness of mice exposed to soils spiked with hydrocarbons or ex situ exposures to soil removed from two contaminated sites was also investigated. Results and Discussion Mice that were exposed to B[a]P via i.p. injections showed a 14-fold increase in liver microsomal ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity compared to the control group. In contrast EROD activity following BA exposure at the same level was not significantly enhanced. Mouse immune response was significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by i.p. injections of B[a]P. No significant inhibition occurred with the same doses of BA. Following i.p. exposure, the retention of B[a]P in mouse carcasses was greater than BA. Mice exposed to clean soils spiked with environmentally relevant concentrations of B[a]P and BA failed to show any significantly different hepatic or immune responses. Carcass residue data indicated a limited uptake of PAH from the soil. In contrast, EROD activity in mice exposed (ex situ) to hydrocarbon-contaminated soils removed from a fuel-loading depot and decommissioned gas works was significantly enhanced (4- and 2-fold respectively). However, this increase in EROD activity did not appear to correlate with either soil or carcass PAH concentrations. Conclusions and Outlook These results support the assumption that B[a]P has a higher affinity for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) compared to BA. Soil parameters such as organic carbon content, structure and particle size distribution can modulate the bioavailability of contaminants to biological receptors. These factors are implicated in the lack of responsiveness demonstrated in the spiked soil experiments. However the responsiveness of EROD activity in mice exposed (ex situ) to soil contaminated with complex mixtures of hydrocarbon compounds confirms the potential usefulness of this model to determine the presence of ‘biologically active’ compounds in aged soils removed from contaminated sites.