垃圾渗滤液处理工艺改进的研究

针对武进夹山垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工艺设计及运行过程中存在的问题 ,提出了厌氧与SBR 混凝法相结合的渗滤液处理工艺改进方案。研究表明 :SBR及混凝处理的CODCr最大降解率分别达 4 2 5 %、6 3 0 % ,SBR法正交试验得出的最佳工艺条件是 :曝气时间 30h ,闲置时间 6h ,污泥浓度 5 0mg L ;化学混凝对SBR法处理的出水有较好处理效果 ,其最佳进水pH值应控制在 9 0左右。最后 ,结合填埋场现有的处理工艺及运行现状 ,对处理工艺改进方案进行了讨论。     

人工湿地系统用于地表水水质改善的效能及特征

在北京官厅水库附近建立潜流人工湿地(总面积:3×20m×2m),芦苇、蒲草混合种植,研究其在不同季节条件下对地表水的处理效能及特征,分析了进水浓度、水力负荷、温度对污染物去除率的影响.结果表明,系统对地表水有较好的处理效果,COD_Mn和NH₄⁺-N的出水浓度与进水浓度的回归关系遵从线性关系;系统对TN、TP的去除率分别为20%～60%和30%～45%;污染物的去除率随温度的降低而降低,随水力负荷率的增加而降低;COD_Mn、NH₄⁺-N和TN的去除率与其进水浓度呈正相关,而TP去除率与其进水浓度呈负相关.并研究建立了潜流湿地冬季运行管理措施.     

Emission control for precursors causing acid rain (V): Improvement of acid soil with the bio-briquette combustion ash

The bio-briquette technique which mixes coal, biomass and sulfur fixation agent and bio-briquettes under 3-5 t/cm^2 line pressure has aroused people‘s attention in view of controlling the air pollution and the acid rain. In this paper, the physicochemical properties of bio-briquette and its ash were investigated. And the acid soil was improved by the bio-briquette combustion ash, which contained nutritive substances such as P, N, K and had the acid-neutralizing capacity(ANC). The pH, EC, effective nutrient elements(Ca, Mg, K, P and N), heavy metal elements(AI, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn and Mn) and acid-neutralizing capacity change of ash-added soils within the range of 0-10%, were also studied. Specially, when 5% bio-briquette combustion ash was added to the tested soil, the content of the effective elements such as Ca, Mg and K rose by 100 times, ? times and twice, respectively. The total nitrogen also increased by about twice. The results showed the oxyanions such as that of AI, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn and Mn were not potentially dangerous, because they were about the same as the averages of them in Chinese soil. It is shown that the ANC became stronger, though the ANC hardly increases in the ash-added soil. On the basis of the evaluation indices, it is concluded that the best mixture ratio is to add 2.5%--8% of the bio-briquette combustion ash to the tested soil.     

企业系统化安全管理的主要问题及成因分析

针对系统化安全管理实践中存在着安全管理体系建立的模板化、安全管理体系运行的形式化、安全管理体系持续改进的无效化等问题,提出要提高安全管理绩效,首先纠正企业对系统化安全管理的认知偏差,统一企业不同管理层次的认识;其次是用正确的安全管理方法论作指导,开展系统化安全管理实践;三是匹配企业安全管理实践与系统化要求,发挥和协调不同管理主体的参与,对危险源进行动态化管理,有效实施绩效监测与改进。总之,企业系统化安全管理不能作为单纯的一项工作或任务来完成,必须以解决企业的具体安全生产问题为目标;系统化安全管理是一个持续优化的动态过程,既要把握安全管理系统化的要求,也要有效开展安全管理系统化实践。     

流化床垃圾焚烧炉工艺改进的探讨

对流化床垃圾焚烧炉的工艺改进进行了分析 ,在焚烧炉内更有利于脱除酸性气体 ,当垃圾热值达 4 5 0 0kJ/kg时 ,部分吹入氧气可使燃烧温度达 1 30 0℃以上。用空心球代替流动砂可以取消流动砂的循环环节     

改善深圳河水质的补水方案及生态影响初步分析

深圳河旱季天然径流量小而污染负荷高,为了改善河流水质,在削减入河污染物的同时有必要采取补水措施。利用水质模型,计算了不同污水处理率下,分别以污水资源化再生水、珠江口海水和大鹏湾海水为补水水源时,深圳河达到基本不黑臭所需的补水量。讨论了补水方案对河流水质、盐度、水动力条件的改变及其对生态系统的影响。研究表明,引海水对河流生态系统的冲击不容忽视。而污水资源化是较优的补水方案。     

某铁矿安全避险六大系统建设实例研究与分析

对所负责参与的某铁矿安全避险六大系统建设的实例进行研究与分析。针对系统运行期间发现的问题和不足,提出相关的应对改进措施。     

Optimization of HSE in maintenance activities by integration of continuous improvement cycle and fuzzy multivariate approach: A gas refinery

Gas refineries have been continuously focusing on Health, Safety and Environment programs to improve maintenance activities. Several researches have studied on this area with different analysis methods. This study presents an integrated approach for optimization of factors contributing to the implementation of Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) in maintenance activities. HSE managers in each sector answered standard questionnaire whit respect to HES. The methodology is based on fuzzy data envelopment analysis (FDEA) and Deming's continuous improvement cycle. Also, this method is used to rank the relevant performance efficiencies in certain and uncertain conditions of each HSE sectors whit considering HSE in maintenance activities. It corresponds and integrates its registered HSE-MS with OHSAS 18001:2007 and ISO 14001:2004 to evaluate multiple inputs and outputs of over 36 subsidiary HSE divisions with parallel mission and objectives simultaneously. Also, it determines efficient target indices and could assure continuous improvement in the organization. This is the first study that introduces an integrated approach to improve HSE management programs in a gas refinery by a robust and continuous improvement approach.     

番茄ARF4基因果实特异RNAi载体的构建及遗传转化

构建ARF4基因果实特异表达的RNA干涉载体,对转基因番茄果实进行初步分析,可为采用基因工程方法改良番茄果实品质做出新尝试.利用RT-PCR技术从番茄果实cDNA中扩增SlARF4基因全长,将番茄ARF4基因正反向重复序列片段导入到植物表达载体pBI121上,启动子是番茄果实特异表达的TFM7.将构建的ARF4基因果实特异RNA干涉载体pBI121-TFM7-A4Ri通过根癌农杆菌介导转入到野生型番茄中,进而对转化获得的植株进行了阳性鉴定.分别以转基因番茄和野生型番茄为材料,分析ARF4在果实中的表达水平,测定绿熟期果实叶绿素含量、果实的单果重量和果皮厚度.酶切证实pBI121-TFM7-A4Ri果实特异表达载体构建成功,而且,PCR检测也得到阳性转基因株.半定量RT-PCR分析显示,转基因番茄果实中ARF4的表达量明显低于野生型果实.转基因番茄果实的叶绿素含量、单果重量和果皮厚度都比野生型有提高.因此,ARF4果实特异表达的RNAi方法能够改良番茄果实品质.     

复杂地质低渗煤层水力压裂-割缝综合瓦斯增透技术研究

针对水力压裂区域化瓦斯增透盲区,提出了水力割缝局部化瓦斯增透技术措施,形成了复杂地质低渗煤层水力压裂-割缝综合瓦斯增透技术,并进行现场验证。研究结果表明:水力压裂区内的3个压裂钻孔平均瓦斯抽采纯流量较238底板道常规抽采钻孔单孔瓦斯抽采纯流量提高15.8倍,瓦斯抽采浓度提高4%,压裂区瓦斯抽采纯流量较对比区提高2.1倍,但水力压裂区域性措施受断层及煤层硬度等地质条件限制,存在盲区;水力割缝增透区内的抽采钻孔瓦斯浓度平均提高4.9倍,瓦斯纯流量平均提高3.3倍,对不同地质条件的适应性强,但是割缝影响范围小,抽采时效短;复杂地质低渗煤层水力压裂-割缝综合瓦斯增透技术综合了水力压裂与割缝的优点,对复杂地质煤层具有较强适应性,大幅提高了瓦斯治理水平。现场验证结果表明复杂地质低渗煤层水力压裂-割缝综合瓦斯增透技术在复杂地质条件下煤层强化抽采中有较好的实际应用价值。