无增压风机湿法烟气脱硫技术及其应用情况

本文介绍了浙江某发电厂的脱硫系统不配备增压风机，利用锅炉引风机提供脱硫阻力降，简化了脱硫系统。减少了设备购置费用，降低了设备运行维护成本。     

地铁列车振动对精密仪器和设备的影响及减振措施

轨道交通对环境产生的振动问题已引起人们的重视,但是关于对精密仪器造成影响的研究成果非常少。随着城市轨道交通的快速发展和地面机构的修建,便捷的轨道交通与精密仪器的使用将形成无法回避的矛盾。因此,关于振动对精密仪器、设备影响的研究具有重要的现实意义和科研价值。为此,笔者探讨地铁振动对精密仪器和设备影响的表现,详细介绍仪器和设备允许振动的含义及影响因素等,建议采用综合减振措施,并提出综合治理及减振措施设计原则,为减振措施的选取和设计提供了参考,同时还指出了该领域中还需进一步研究的几个问题。     

Community Tolerance Comparison As A New and Sensitive Ecotoxicological Tool

The demonstration of an increased tolerance to a pollutant is direct evidence that this pollutant has presented a selection pressure upon a population or community. Recently, pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) has been applied to the benthic community in a metal-enriched estuary to establish causal linkage between observed changes in community structure and composition and the presence of copper. This paper describes the rationale and methodology behind applying PICT to the marine benthic environment, and shows it to be a sensitive ecotoxicological tool. It also presents a case study, demonstrating how a PICT investigation has aided the interpretation of changes in a benthic community, establishing a causal linkage between these changes in the community and the presence of a specific pollutant.     

Great tits breeding performance and mercury contamination from the paper and pulp industry in the west coast of Portugal

Passerine species have been increasingly used as monitors of metal pollution, especially by making use of non-destructive indicators of bird exposure, such as collecting feathers, faeces or blood. During this study, mercury concentrations were determined in feathers, faeces and blood of nestling great tits (Parus major) in industrial (a paper mill) and rural sites on the west coast of Portugal. The aim of this study was to compare the level of mercury in both areas over the study period, as indicated by nestlings’ mercury levels, while assessing possible contamination effects on the breeding performance and health status of great tits. Over the years, feathers showed a significant annual decrease in mercury contamination in the study area. Blood analyses also revealed a significant annual decrease in mercury concentrations, but no significant differences were detected between areas. Faeces data showed no significant difference between years or areas. We found no direct influence of mercury levels on nestling health status or great tit breeding performance.     

库尔勒地区畜禽养殖业的发展对农村环境影响的探讨

根据库尔勒地区畜禽养殖业发展给农村环境带来的污染问题,提出如何治理养殖污染,改善农村环境质量的措施和方向。     

农村合作经济组织发展的制度分析

农村合作经济组织是将农民组织起来进入市场、参与竞争的桥梁和纽带,是新时期推动农村经济发展和提高农民收入的重要因素之一。在制度层面运用新制度经济学理论从实现土地规模经营、节约市场交易费用和维护农民利益等三方面分析了合作组织发育的需求诱致性动因;接着从制度环境状况、现有社会科学知识的积累、现存的制度安排、组织的制度变迁成本、非正式制度安排等外部制度供给方面以及产权和组织制度等组织内部制度方面分析了其存在的缺陷;最后提出了推动合作组织发展的政策建议：其一,只要是以“三农”服务为宗旨,政府在政策上都应允许和指导合作组织灵活地创新产权制度、因地制宜地进行多种形式的组织创新;其二,政府要力所能及地为合作组织提供一些制度服务。     

基于种养平衡的杭州市畜禽养殖环境承载力研究

种养结合循环利用是生态化、资源化解决畜禽规模养殖粪污排放问题的根本途径。论文以土壤有效氮、磷含量预测土壤供肥能力,结合种植和养殖业年度统计数据,利用修正的养分平衡法估算杭州市畜禽养殖环境承载力,并分析杭州市各县市畜禽养殖污染风险。结果表明：2014年杭州市畜禽养殖环境承载力以氮、磷计分别为18.20和 18.29头猪当量/hm²,实际承载量分别为13.26和12.70头猪当量/hm²,污染风险指数分别为0.73和0.69,说明杭州市整体处于畜禽养殖低污染风险状态,但各县市的污染负荷差异显著,市区等4个县市属于过量承载,存在较高的污染风险,富阳等4个县市仍有一定的承载潜力。研究结果可为杭州市种养业平衡整体规模配置、布局调整和粪污消纳等决策提供科学依据。     

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of Bridelia retusa against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity

The aim of present study was to validate hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of the bark of Bridelia retusa. The aqueous ethanol extract of B. retusa exhibited highest in vitro hepatoprotective effects as evident from the significantly reduced serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) into the incubation medium of rat hepatocytes with carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄), over the other organic extracts (chloroform, ethylacetate, and methanol). CCl₄ administered through subcutaneous injection produced a marked elevation in the serum levels of GOT, GPT, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and decreased in the levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and total protein content. The biochemical activities were normalized in the pretreatment of rats induced by CCl₄ with different doses (250 and 500 mg kg^?1) of the aqueous ethanol extract of B. retusa. Histopathological changes induced by CCl₄ were also significantly attenuated by aqueous ethanol extract of B. retusa treatment. The activity of the aqueous ethanol extract of B. retusa at the dose of 500 mg kg^?1 was comparable to the standard drug, silymarin (25 mg kg^?1). The overall data indicated that B. retusa possesses a potent protective effect against CCl₄-induced hepatic damage and oxidative stress.     

诱导结晶反应器运行性能研究

以含铜废水为处理对象,将流化床和固定床两种诱导结晶反应器进行对比试验。结果表明:当进水含铜浓度为20 mg/L时,流化床反应器出水含铜量为0～2 mg/L,出水含铜量在0～11 mg/L;利用SEM-EDS可以发现,流化床形成的结晶产物生长致密、晶形明确、产物纯度高,固定床形成的结晶产物在载体表面分布不均、结构疏松,纯度较低。     

农业污染减排指标体系初步构建

控制和削减农业污染物排放总量是国家环境保护"十二五"规划的重点工作之一,但现行的环境管理及产排污量削减与控制技术中还没有完整的农业污染减排的指标体系。该文阐述了构建农业污染减排指标体系的基本原则和方法,综合考虑不同农业生产类型污染物产排过程的特点,从种植业、畜禽养殖业和水产养殖业3个方面初步构建农业污染减排指标体系,以期为研究农业主要污染物减排核算体系的关键参数和制定减排核算技术方法提供基础性技术支持。基于当前农业污染减排实施中可能存在的问题,对指标体系的进一步完善提出了相关建议。