城市工业区环境系统中的Cd污染循环及其健康风险——以杭州市半山工业区为例

为揭示重金属元素Cd在城市环境系统多种介质中的迁移途径及其潜在危害性,系统分析了杭州市半山工业区主要环境介质（土壤-尘埃-水-底泥-生物）样品中Cd的指标含量,并用连续提取法分析了土壤、尘埃、底泥中Cd的化学形态特征.结果表明,Cd的迁移途径主要有两种,一是以尘埃为媒介在地表环境中迁移,二是通过水介质进入水体环境（水和...     

基于STIRPAT模型的能源消费碳足迹变化及影响因素——以江苏省苏锡常地区为例

定量研究经济社会发展对地区能源消费碳足迹的影响对区域实现低碳发展具有重要意义。论文计算了江苏省苏锡常地区1991-2008年能源消费碳足迹,采用岭回归函数对STIRPAT模型进行了拟合,采用脱钩指数分析了经济发展与能源消费碳足迹之间的关系。结果表明:①1991-2008年能源消费碳足迹平均增长速度为15.30%,能源消费碳足迹分配率以煤炭为主,石油所占比例呈波动下降趋势,天然气所占比例上升较快,能源消费碳足迹产值总体呈波动下降趋势;②经济增长是能源消费碳足迹的主要影响因素,两者关系模型拟合未出现环境库兹涅茨曲线;③经济增长与能源消费碳足迹之间处于相对脱钩与复钩的波动状态,从另一侧面验证了目前两者之间不存在库兹涅茨曲线假说的结论。     

垃圾渗滤液的膜生物反应器与传统生物工艺述评

采用文献调研法比较评价了膜生物反应器与传统生物工艺对垃圾渗滤液的处理效果。结果表明,渗滤液的水质特征(主要指COD)主要由渗滤液年龄决定,B/C值和渗滤液年龄对COD去除有重要影响。传统生物处理常采用多级组合工艺,渗滤液特性、工艺单元数、水力停留时间和有机负荷率等是影响COD去除的重要参数。近年来,MBR工艺的应用日益广泛,对于B/C值较低的老龄渗滤液,MBR工艺可获得更好的COD去除效果,也有利于废水的膜深度处理。     

Preparation and coagulation efficiency of polyaluminium ferric silicate chloride composite coagulant from wastewater of high-purity graphite production

The aim of the present work was to produce a polyaluminium ferric silicate chloride (PAFSiC) coagulant from acidic and alkaline wastewater of purifying graphite by roasting, and subsequently to evaluate coagulation efficiency of the reagent by treating surface water from the Yellow River as well as municipal wastewater in comparison with the conventional coagulant polyaluminium chloride (PAC). The PAFSiC coagulant was prepared by co-polymerization. The effects of (Al+Fe)/Si molar ratio, OH/(Al+Fe) molar ratio (i.e., value), coagulant dosage and pH value of test suspension on the coagulation behavior of FAFSiC and the stability of the PAFSiC were also examined. Results showed that PAFSiC performed more efficiently than PAC in removing turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total phosphate (TP). The PAFSiC with a value of 2.0 and (Al+Fe)/Si ratio of 5 (PAFSiC 2.0/5) showed excellent coagulation effect for both turbidity and COD, while PAFSiC 1.0/5 was the best for TP. The optimum coagulation pH range of PAFSiC 2.0/5 was 5.0–9.0, slightly wider than that of PAC (6.0–8.0). The process can be easily incorporated into high-purity graphite production plants, thereby reducing wastewater pollution and producing a valuable coagulant.     

碳氮比对废水好氧脱氮中含氮气态产物的影响

针对目前人们对好氧脱氮中气态产物认识不清的问题,采用SBR反应器,以人工配制的NO3--N废水为处理对象,对影响好氧脱氮的COD/N进行了深入研究,测定了三种主要含氮气态产物(NO、NO2、N2O),揭示了好氧状态下生物脱氮的途径和机理。通过对COD/N分别为9、12、15、18的系统氮元素的全程跟踪测定,得到系统内各含氮化合物的变化规律。结果表明,三种气体的产生同COD/N有着密切的关系,低C/N会导致NO、NO2和N2O的积累,最多达总脱氮量的9%。研究结果还表明当进水COD/N为15时,既保证了良好的脱氮效果且抑制了NO、NO2、N2O三种有害气体的大量产生。     

膨胀石墨污水净化处理研究

利用膨胀石墨强大的吸附能力来处理城市生活污水,结果发现用膨胀石墨处理污水的前8h,COD的去除率达43％;处理第5～9d将出现第二个高峰,COD的去除率达48％,分析原因可能是存在物理吸附和微生物絮凝两方面的作用。最后经过20d的处理,膨胀石墨对生活污水的COD和BOD总去除率分别达到86％、78．9％,且除臭能力也很显著。     

物化法处理生活垃圾渗滤液新进展

概述了物化法处理垃圾渗滤液的研究现状和最新进展,并展望了物化法处理垃圾渗滤液的研究方向。     

影响水中COD测定值关键因素的探讨

随着国家节能减排工作的大力推进,COD作为减排中四个重要约束性指标之一,其分析的准确性极大地影响着COD减排工作的顺利实施。本文根据《水质化学需氧量的测定重铬酸盐法》（GB11914—89）,结合《水质采样技术指导》（HJ494-2009）要求及笔者多年COD分析测试工作经验,着重探讨重铬酸盐法中水样中悬浮物及氯离子对测定结果的影响,以求在实际工作中能更准确、更方便地完成水样中COD的分析工作。     

Effect of a high strength chemical industry wastewater on microbial community dynamics and mesophilic methane generation

A high strength chemical industry wastewater was assessed for its impact on anaerobic microbial com- munity dynamics and consequently mesophilic methane generation. Cumulative methane production was 251 mL/g total chemical oxygen demand removed at standard temperature and pressure at the end of 30 days experimental period with a highest recorded methane percentage of 80.6% of total biogas volume. Volatile fatty acids （VFAs） analysis revealed that acetic acid was the major intermediate VFAs produced with propionic acid accumulating over the experimental period. Quantitative analysis of microbial communities in the test and control groups with quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction highlighted that in the test group, Eubacteria （96.3%） was dominant in comparison with methanogens （3.7%）. The latter were dominated by Methanomicrobiales and Methanobacteriales while in test groups increased over the experimental period, reaching a maximum on day 30. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profile was performed, targeting the 16S rRNA gene of Eubacteria and Archaea, with the DNA samples extracted at 3 different time points from the test groups. A phylogenetic tree was constructed for the sequences using the neighborhood joining method. The analysis revealed that the presence of organisms resembling Syntrophomonadaceae could have contributed to increased production of acetic and propionic acid intermediates while decrease of organisms resembling Pelotomaculum sp. could have most likely contributed to accumulation of propionic acid. This study suggested that the degradation of organic components within the high strength industrial wastewater is closely linked with the activity of certain niche microbial communities within eubacteria and methanogens.     

循环经济工业园区规划环评研究

概括了循环经济工业园区规划环境影响评价的框架思路。归纳总结了规划环评的主要内容,并以山西省长治市襄垣富阳循环经济工业园区为例,对规划环评指标体系的构建进行探讨。