潮汐-复合流人工湿地系统优化及对抗生素抗性基因的去除效果

抗生素抗性基因随废水排放传播扩散,对环境生物和民众健康构成严重威胁.针对废水中抗性基因的深度去除值得重点关注.在前期研究中发现潮汐流人工湿地能有效去除废水中多种氮素.本研究通过增加隔板和种植植物等方式进一步优化潮汐流人工湿地系统,并考察了工艺优化对抗性基因去除和脱氮功能微生物的影响机制.结果表明,同时增加隔板和种植植物后的潮汐-复合流人工湿地系统能有效提高抗性基因的去除效率,在增加隔板和种植植物组对7类21种抗性基因去除率最高达到83.82%~100.0%,显著高于单一增加隔板或种植植物组.从湿地基质和植物中的抗性基因绝对丰度对比可以看出,增加隔板能促进湿地基质中抗性基因量积累,而植物对抗性基因吸附也是其去除途径之一.同时,结合氮循环功能基因测序结果显示,湿地系统优化能提高基质中硝化和反硝化功能微生物物种多样性和丰富度,这与优化系统对废水中硝化量、反硝化量和总氮的去除率相对更高结果一致.     

Performance of Firefighters’ Protective Clothing After Heat Exposure

Heat and mechanical protection properties of 6 fabric combinations commonly used in firefighters’ protective clothing were assessed before and after different heat treatment. It was shown that after heat exposure, the values obtained were generally lower than in the original state. The mechanical properties of the materials were more affected by heat than by heat protective properties. In 2 cases, degradation started before a visible change in the material could be observed, which might be potentially dangerous for the end user who will not realize the alteration of the material.     

Investigation of Blended Fibre Filtering Materials

Five variants of mixtures of different synthetic fibres at different area ratios were manufactured into needled nonwovens intended to be used as a filtering material for respiratory protection. Two variants were produced according to an earlier patent, and the contents of the other three was completely new. Samples of the nonwovens were tested for sodium chloride particles penetration and for breathing resistance. The results showed that one variant of a nonwoven, designated PP/PPFM, had very valuable filtering properties and that those properties were stable in time.     

石油生物脱硫技术研究进展

生物脱硫技术由于具有条件温和、能耗低等优势受到人们关注。对生物脱硫新型微生物的筛选方向、生物脱硫技术中脱硫菌生长以及脱硫限制、传质限制等因素及其近期研究进展等方面进行了介绍,以期促进生物脱硫技术的研究深度。     

Sensitivity of some groups of ordinary chernozem soil microorganisms to γ irradiation

The effect of γ irradiation at doses of 1, 5, 10, and 20 kGy on the microflora of ordinary chernozem soil has been studied. The time course of the restoration of the microorganism numbers over 180 days after γ irradiation has been studied in model experiments. The microorganism radioresistance decreases in the following order: amylolytic bacteria > Azotobacter > spore-forming bacteria > ammonifiers > micromycetes. A dose of 20 kGy has a 96% suppressing effect on all microorganisms. Model experiments on the restoration of the irradiated soil microflora have revealed different rates of increase in the numbers of microorganism groups depending on the dose and incubation time.     

成都龙泉山地区建设用地生态适宜性评价

随着景观格局与生态过程之间的关系日益受到重视,传统的评价方法已经不能满足生态适宜性评价的发展需要。本文以成都市龙泉山地区为例,从景观类型、生态功能、生态价值、土壤侵蚀敏感性和地质灾害敏感性5个方面建立评价指标体系,分别采用最小累积阻力模型和模糊综合评判法描述水平生态过程和垂直生态过程下的生态适宜性,综合两种评价结果进行建设用地的生态适宜性评价。研究结果表明,模型机理的差异使评价结果有着很大的区别,两种方法的综合应用可以有效弥补彼此的不足,本文将研究区的生态适宜性评价结果划分为禁止开发区、严格限建区、一般限建区、重点开发区和优化开发区5个分区,各区的面积分别为259．70km^2、793．89km2、1220．35km2、739．68km2和490．42km2。以往的生态适宜性评价方法往往单一地考虑水平或者垂直生态过程,本文构建的这种综合水平和垂直生态过程的评价方法为生态适宜性评价的方法研究提供了有益的尝试和补充。     

长距离掘巷局部通风计算风筒中风量风压的一种新方法

长距离掘进巷道通风时风筒进风口和出风口会有大的风量差和风压差。为了选择合理的风机通风,需要研究风筒中风量、风压的变化规律。常规方法是利用经验或实验得到风筒接头平均漏风量,从而计算进风口的风量和风压。但对于长距离通风且每段风筒较小时该方法所计算的参数偏小,会对风机选型造成误差。本文另辟蹊径,根据风量、风压平衡定律,按照非连续性通风网络模型推导出了进风口的风量、风压与出风口处的关系,并给出了简化的近似关系,作为风筒通风参数计算的新方法。结合具体实例,发现参数近似值与精确值高度相似,说明可以利用近似关系进行计算,简单方便;同时比较了按新方法和常规方法计算的风筒进风风量和通风阻力的差异,结果表明长距离掘进巷道的风量风压按新方法计算更为科学。     

城市电厂大型机力通风冷却塔的噪声控制

针对城市电厂大型机力通风冷却塔的噪声污染,以北京太阳宫燃气热电冷联供工程中应用的机力通风冷却塔噪声控制为例,通过分析研究冷却塔各声源不同的频谱特性和传播特性,并根据厂界噪声控制目标计算声源的超标量和设计降噪量,采取隔声、消声和吸声等综合集成的噪声控制技术,设计开发了大型机力通风冷却塔降噪消声装置,取得了理想效果,使厂界噪声达到I类标准,为低噪声机力通风冷却塔的声学设计提供了工程实践参考。     

钙钛矿型催化剂La_（0.8）M_（0.2）CoO_3（M=Sr、Ce、Ba、Ca）催化燃烧VOCs的活性与抗硫性研究

用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备了La0.8M0.2CoO3（M=Sr、Ce、Ba、Ca）4种钙钛矿型复合氧化物催化剂.甲苯催化燃烧活性测试表明,4种催化剂均具有很好的催化活性,转化率达到90%时反应温度都在340℃以下,比LaCoO3下降20℃—70℃,催化性能依次为：La0.8Sr0.2CoO3〉La0.8Ce0.2CoO...     

建筑钢结构中钢构件的防火性能与抗火设计研究

首先有针对性地对当前国内外建筑钢结构中钢构件的防火性能与抗火设计研究背景做了较系统分析,接着,通过有限元程序,对当前应用非常广泛的半刚接门式刚架建筑在火灾高温下的受力性能进行了整体结构非线性分析。计算结果表明：随着温度的升高,钢构件节点的刚度不断下降,当节点的刚度下降到不能约束与其连接的梁柱构件时,结构将发生突然坍塌性...