Density estimation using ranked-set sampling data

The ranked-set sampling (RSS) is applicable in practical problems where the variable of interest for an observed item is costly or time-consuming but the ranking of a set of items according to the variable can be easily done without actual measurement. In the context of RSS, the need for density estimation arises in certain statistical procedures. The density estimation also has its own interest. In this article, we develop a method for the density estimation using RSS data. We derive the properties of the resulted density estimate and compare it with its counterpart in simple random sampling (SRS). It is shown that the density estimate using RSS data provides a better estimate of the density than the usual density estimate using SRS data. The density estimate developed in this article can well serve various purposes in the context of RSS.     

Oxidative treatment of simulated dyehouse effluent by uv and near-UV light assisted Fenton's reagent

UV/Fenton, near-UV-visible/Fenton, dark Fenton, and H₂O₂/UV reactions have been used to treat simulated dyehouse effluents representing wastewater from the textile dyeing and rinsing process. Experiments were carried out in a lab - scale photochemical reactor using concentrations of 0.5–25 mM H₂O₂, 0.04-0.5 mM Fe²⁺-ion and different dilutions of textile wastewater. To assess the extent of mineralization, decolourization kinetics and the effect of different fight sources on treatment efficiency, DOC, optical density at 254 nm and 600 nm wavelength and residual H₂O₂ concentrations were measured during the course of the advanced oxidation reactions. Comparative evaluation of the obtained results revealed that the decolourization rate increased with applied H₂O₂ and Fe²⁺-ion dose as well as the strength of the synthetic textile wastewater. The best results were obtained by the near - UV/visible/Fenton process with a decolourization rate constant of 1.57 min⁻¹, a UV_254nm reduction of 97% and a DOC removal of 41% at relatively low doses of the H₂O₂ oxidant and Fe²⁺-ion catalyst within 60 min treatment time.     

高效生活污水处理装置--高性能合并处理净化槽

详细介绍了从日本引进的一体化生活污水处理装置--高性能合并处理净化槽的特点、运行机理和在日本的应用情况.     

南方城市雨洪基础设施安全保障对策探析

通过对基础设施、单项综合交通、环境保护、绿地系统及河湖水系、城市排水、综合防灾规划中雨洪相关内容进行整合,建立科学的雨洪专项综合规划模式。对雨洪专项综合规划中的城市基础设施用地规划、道路雨水收集方式、绿地系统、河湖水面及大型公共设施的雨洪调蓄用地、雨水的环境污染、雨水工程及防洪工程等雨洪内容进行控制,确保雨洪专项综合规划的实施。采用区域统筹、科学调度的综合管理模式,保障雨洪专项综合规划健康持续发展,为提高城市雨洪基础设施安全保障性能、提升城市防灾减灾能力提供科学依据。     

恶臭全过程控制对策探讨

恶臭是生态环境投诉的热点之一,目前大多数的恶臭控制措施着眼于末端治理,但效果不尽如人意.基于降低恶臭投诉率的目的 ,以最大程度上减少恶臭源对周边环境敏感点影响程度为目标,在梳理和分析恶臭污染源特性、恶臭感官评价方法、恶臭污染源对周边环境造成影响的相关因素的基础上,从减少恶臭源发生、控制恶臭散发、有效末端治理及应急管理等...     

Co-development of an integrated assessment framework to evaluate the effectiveness and impact of selected nature-based water treatment technologies in Sri Lanka,The Philippines,and Vietnam

Water quality is a critical challenge in Asia in the context of growing industrialization, urbanization, and climate change. Nature-based solutions (NbS) could play an important role in reducing urban water pollution, while generating multiple co-benefits that could make cities more liveable and resilient. In this regard, a number of pilot and demonstration projects have been set up to explore their potential across cities in Asia. Their effectiveness and impacts, however, have not been adequately documented, thus how they can be sustained, replicated and up-scaled remain poorly understood. This study aims to contribute to addressing this challenge by co-developing an integrated assessment framework and employing it to understand how existing evaluations of NbS in the region can be improved. It focuses specifically on a set of nature-based solutions that have been employed for water treatment across six cities in Southeast Asia (two in each Sri Lanka, the Philippines, and Vietnam), namely, floating wetlands, constructed wetlands and maturation ponds. The study also suggests specific methodologies for capturing a set of core indicators considered relevant for assessing the effectiveness and capturing the multi-faceted impacts of the examined NbS.     

Towards a long-term integrated monitoring programme in Europe: network design in theory and practice

Long-term integrated monitoring is an important approach forinvestigating, detecting and predicing the effects ofenvironmental changes. Currently, European freshwaters,glaciers, forests and other narural and semi-natural ecosystemsand habitats are monitored by a number of networks establishedby different organisations. However, many monitoring programmeshave a narrow focus (e.g. targeting individual ecosystems) andmost have different measurement protocols and sampling design.This has resulted in poor integration of ecosystem monitoring ata European level, leading to some overlapping of efforts and alack of harmonised data to inform policy decisions. The need fora consistent pan-European long-term integrated monitoring ofterrestrial systems programme is recognised in the scientificcommunity. However, the design of such a system can be problematic, not least because of the constraints imposed bythe need to make maximum use of existing sites and networks.Based on the outcomes of the NoLIMITS project (Networking ofLong-term Integrated Monitoring in Terrestrial Systems), thisarticle reviews issues that should be addressed in designing aprogramme based on existing monitoring sites and networks. Fourmajor design issues are considered: (i) users' requirements,(ii) the need to address multiple objectives, (iii) role ofexisting sites and (iv) operational aspects.     

山区村镇洪灾承灾能力评估——以神农架林区为例

针对我国山区村镇洪灾特点,以神农架林区为对象,提出了基于云模型的洪灾承灾能力评价方法。针对山区村镇条件和山洪特点,构建评估指标体系;建立基于逆向云发生器和综合云算法结合专家打分区间和最可能值确定指标权重、使用条件云发生器获得量化指标的评价水平、耦合得到评价结果的评价方法,并对全区八个乡镇的山洪承灾能力进行了评估,为林区规划提供科学依据。结果表明,林区各村镇山洪承灾能力总体较低,孕灾环境恶劣,专项应灾能力明显落后,其中松柏镇、阳日镇、红坪镇和下谷坪乡属于低水平,木鱼镇与新华镇属于较低水平,宋洛乡属于中等水平,九湖镇为高水平。案例结果表明该方法能够直观地将客观数据和主观认识反映为综合结果,有利于获得可靠的结论。     

区域用水环境经济综合效率及其影响因素——基于DEA和Malmquist指数模型

仅考虑经济效益而忽略环境损害的水资源利用效率指标不能全面反映区域用水的真实效果.本文基于DEA和Malmquist指数模型,提出区域用水环境经济综合效率(WEEE)概念及其评价方法,分析了2001~2012年河南省主要地市的WEEE及其影响因素.结果表明,研究时段内水资源利用保持了较高经济效率,但环境效率相对较差并由此拉低全省WEEE平均约2%;2012年WEEE未达到DEA有效的地市水资源投入平均冗余率约为18%,COD和NH₃-N平均超排率分别约为49%和49.2%,说明这些地市存在水资源利用低效和水污染物排放较高的问题.通过分析水资源利用的全要素生产率(TFP)发现,技术变化指数在研究时段内下降了2%,是抑制WEEE增长的最主要因素.为了在水资源利用过程中取得更好的环境和经济综合效益,河南省应加大对工农业节水和水污染防治的科技投入,并在严格控制用水总量的同时进一步加强水污染物的减排工作.     

南海北部海岛周边海域生态环境质量综合评价

基于国内外海洋生态环境质量综合评价方法,结合我国海洋生态环境调查数据,从环境和生物学要素中选取12个指标建立评价指标体系,确定5个评价等级及标准,采用层次分析法确定指标权重,构建我国海岛周边海域生态环境质量综合评价方法.选取南海北部10个代表性海岛,对其周边海域生态环境质量进行综合评价,结果表明：研究海岛中特呈岛和内伶仃岛评价等级为中,其余8个海岛均为良;离岸距离、陆源污染物排放量和海水交换能力直接影响评价结果.该方法能较好地反映海岛周边海域生态环境状况,可操作性强,可作为今后我国海岛周边海域生态环境质量评价的参考.