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71.
新疆草地资源特征与生态治理 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
从新疆草地资源发生条件分析其多样性,对草地退化进行了生态分析,提出了草地生态恢复的生态置换理论与实施方案。 相似文献
72.
李维安 《中国安全科学学报》2005,15(5):109-112
提出了一个利用碳纤维混凝土与普通混凝土进行复合,实现结构安全监测的技术方法。根据普通混凝土与碳纤维混凝土之间良好的亲和能力,将碳纤维混凝土浇铸在结构承载的薄弱部分,利用碳纤维混凝土的压敏特性,可以对该部分的服役状态进行监测,获得结构的变形情况;另一方面,利用碳纤维混凝土的基本特性,还可以适当改善结构的承载强度。笔者所提出的复合结构既具有普通混凝土结构的基本特征,又赋予了结构的自我监测功能,比较有效地克服了全碳纤维混凝土结构建造所面临的电阻率波动、骨料石子影响和建设成本等几个方面的技术问题。 相似文献
73.
74.
采用改性活性炭粉末对用纯净水加氟化钠配制而成的含氟水溶液进行动态电吸附去除实验.研究不同电压、电吸附时间,以及Cl-和SO2-4对氟离子去除的影响,并探讨吸附动力学和吸附方程.实验结果表明:活性炭对氟离子的吸附等温方程符合Freundlich方程,吸附动力学符合一级动力学方程;活性炭对氟离子去除与所施加的电位、吸附时间等因素有关,施加的电位越大,去除效果越好;随着吸附去除时间的延长,氟离子浓度下降趋缓;Cl-对氟离子去除影响很小,而SO2-4对氟离子去除有显著的不利影响. 相似文献
75.
We examined the principal effects of different information network topologies for local adaptive management of natural resources.
We used computerized agents with adaptive decision algorithms with the following three fundamental constraints: (1) Complete
understanding of the processes maintaining the natural resource can never be achieved, (2) agents can only learn by experimentation
and information sharing, and (3) memory is limited. The agents were given the task to manage a system that had two states:
one that provided high utility returns (desired) and one that provided low returns (undesired). In addition, the threshold
between the states was close to the optimal return of the desired state. We found that networks of low to moderate link densities
significantly increased the resilience of the utility returns. Networks of high link densities contributed to highly synchronized
behavior among the agents, which caused occasional large-scale ecological crises between periods of stable and high utility
returns. A constructed network involving a small set of experimenting agents was capable of combining high utility returns
with high resilience, conforming to theories underlying the concept of adaptive comanagement. We conclude that (1) the ability
to manage for resilience (i.e., to stay clear of the threshold leading to the undesired state as well as the ability to re-enter
the desired state following a collapse) resides in the network structure and (2) in a coupled social–ecological system, the
systemwide state transition occurs not because the ecological system flips into the undesired state, but because managers
lose their capacity to reorganize back to the desired state.
An erratum to this article can be found at . 相似文献
76.
77.
选取沙丁胺醇(salbutamol,SAL)为目标污染物,研究了3种碳纳米管(CNTs,单壁碳纳米管SCNT、羟基衍生化多壁碳纳米管MWNT-OH和羧基衍生化多壁碳纳米管MWNT-COOH)对有机污染物在模拟太阳光照下降解的影响;并且研究了CNTs与天然水体中光活性物质三价铁离子(Fe3+)的相互作用.结果表明,3种CNTs能够通过竞争吸收光子,即光屏蔽作用抑制SAL光解;同时又能通过光致激发产生单线态氧(1O2)促进光解反应,两种作用机制同时存在,在绝大多数情况下,抑制作用占主导地位.此外,CNTs还能通过静电吸附作用使水体中的光活性物质Fe3+失活,从而影响有机污染物在天然水体中的光化学行为. 相似文献
78.
Perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) has attracted increasing concern in recent years due to its world-wide distribution, persistence, bioaccumulation and potential toxicity. The influence of sorbent properties on the adsorptive elimination of PFOS from wastewater by activated carbons, polymer adsorbents and anion exchange resins was investigated with regard to their isotherms and kinetics. The batch and column tests were combined with physicochemical characterization methods, e.g., N_2 physisorption, mercury porosimetry, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, titrations, as well as modeling. Sorption kinetics was successfully modelled applying the linear driving force(LDF) approach for surface diffusion after introducing a load dependency of the mass transfer coefficient βs.The big difference in the initial mass transfer coefficient βs,0, when non-functionalized adsorbents and ion-exchange resins are compared, suggests that the presence of functional groups impedes the intraparticle mass transport. The more functional groups a resin possesses and the longer the alkyl moieties are the bigger is the decrease in sorption rate.But the selectivity for PFOS sorption is increasing when the character of the functional groups becomes more hydrophobic. Accordingly, ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction were found to be involved in the sorption processes on resins, while PFOS is only physisorptively bound to activated carbons and polymer adsorbents. In agreement with the different adsorption mechanisms, resins possess higher total sorption capacities than adsorbents. Hence, the latter ones are rendered more effective in PFOS elimination at concentrations in the low μg/L range, due to a less pronounced convex curvature of the sorption isotherm in this concentration range. 相似文献
79.
Simultaneous removal of Cu(II) and Cr(VI) by Mg–Al–Cl layered double hydroxide and mechanism insight
Mg–Al–Cl layered double hydroxide (Cl-LDH) was prepared to simultaneously remove Cu(II) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The coexisting Cu(II) (20 mg/L) and Cr(VI) (40 mg/L) were completely removed within 30 min by Cl-LDH in a dosage of 2.0 g/L; the removal rate of Cu(II) was accelerated in the presence of Cr(VI). Moreover, compared with the adsorption of single Cu(II) or Cr(VI), the adsorption capacities of Cl-LDH for Cu(II) and Cr(VI) can be improved by 81.05% and 49.56%, respectively, in the case of coexisting Cu(II) (200 mg/L) and Cr(VI) (400 mg/L). The affecting factors (such as solution initial pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time) have been systematically investigated. Besides, the changes of pH values and the concentrations of Mg2+ and Al3+ in relevant solutions were monitored. To get the underlying mechanism, the Cl-LDH samples before and after adsorption were thoroughly characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. On the basis of these analyses, a possible mechanism was proposed. The coadsorption process involves anion exchange of Cr(VI) with Cl− in Cl-LDH interlayer, isomorphic substitution of Mg2+ with Cu2+, formation of Cu2Cl(OH)3 precipitation, and the adsorption of Cr(VI) by Cu2Cl(OH)3. This work provides a new insight into simultaneous removal of heavy metal cations and anions from wastewater by Cl-LDH. 相似文献
80.
Shixiang Li Xulan Zhang Er Bei Huihui Yue Pengfei Lin Jun Wang Xiaojian Zhang Chao Chen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(8):331-339
N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA) precursors consist of a positively charged dimethylamine group and a non-polar moiety, which inspired us to develop a targeted cation exchange technology to remove NDMA precursors. In this study, we tested the removal of two representative NDMA precursors, dimethylamine(DMA) and ranitidine(RNTD), by strong acidic cation exchange resin. The results showed that pH greatly affected the exchange efficiency, with high removal(DMA 78% and RNTD 94%) observed at pH pk_a-1 when the molar ratio of exchange capacity to precursor was 4. The exchange order was obtained as follows: Ca~(2+) Mg~(2+) RNTD~+ K~+ DMA~+ NH_4~+ Na~+. The partition coefficient of DMA~+to Na~+was 1.41 ± 0.26, while that of RNTD~+to Na~+was 12.1 ± 1.9. The pseudo second-order equation fitted the cation exchange kinetics well. Bivalent inorganic cations such as Ca~(2+)were found to have a notable effect on NA precursor removal in softening column test. Besides DMA and RNTD, cation exchange process also worked well for removing other 7 model NDMA precursors. Overall, NDMA precursor removal can be an added benefit of making use of cation exchange water softening processes. 相似文献