城市污水二级出水有机物分子量分布和亲疏水特性对纳滤膜污染的影响

分别采用分子量分级膜和XAD-8树脂,研究了污水厂二级出水中有机物分子量分布特征及不同分子量分布区间亲疏水有机物的相对含量,考察了分子量分布及亲疏水特性对纳滤膜透水性能的影响.结果表明,二级出水有机物中,小分子亲水性有机物含量最高,小于2k的有机物占总有机物含量的45.61%,其中亲水性物质占28.07%,疏水性物质占17.54%;不同特征的原水分别经纳滤膜过滤,分子量分布对膜污染影响较大,分子量小于30k时,分子量区间越小,比通量衰减越快,分子量大于30k时,分子量区间越大,比通量衰减越快,且分子量较小的有机物通量衰减程度大于分子量较大有机物;在分子量分布相同区间内,亲水性有机物的比通量衰减较慢,说明相同分子量时,膜对亲水性物质的截留率较低,而疏水性物质是引起膜通量衰减的主要原因.     

Bio-reduction of nitrate from groundwater using a hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor

A hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor(MBfR) using H2 as electron donor was investigated to remove nitrate from groundwater.When nitrate was first introduced to the MBfR,denitrification took place on the shell side of the membranes immediately,and the effluent concentration of nitrate continuously decreased with 100% removal rate on day 45 under the influent nitrate concentration of 5 mg NO3--N/L,which described the acclimating and enriching process of autohydrogenotrophic denitrification bacteria.A series of short-term experiments were applied to investigate the effects of hydrogen pressures and nitrate loadings on denitrification.The results showed that nitrate reduction rate improved as H2 pressure increasing,and over 97% of total nitrogen removal rate was achieved when the nitrate loading increased from 0.17 to 0.34 g NO3--N/(m2 ·day) without nitrite accumulation.The maximum denitrification rate was 384 g N/(m3 ·day).Partial sulfate reduction,which occurred in parallel to nitrate reduction,was inhibited by denitrififcation due to the competition for H2 .This research showed that MBfR is effective for removing nitrate from the contaminated groundwater.     

SMBR应用于小规模中水回用工程的调试研究

对应用了SMBR的小规模中水回用工程进行了设计和调试,调试包括活性污泥的间歇培养和连续培养。连续培养试运行期间的监测值说明膜技术的优越性,氨氮和色度的去除主要依靠生物处理。     

膜传质的统计力学模型研究

本文根据压力驱动膜分离过程的特点,采用统计力学传质模型,通过相关的热力学理论和数学方法,建立了考虑粘性流动在内的适用于任意浓度非理想多组分溶液的可实际应用的统计力学膜传质模型,并通过实验对该模型进行了检验,结果表明该模型与实验结果符合的较好。     

盐胁迫对无瓣海桑幼苗根茎叶膜保护系统的影响

通过对无瓣海桑用不同盐度的水3个月的处理,发现无瓣海桑根、茎、叶中蛋白质含量与可溶性总糖含量随盐度的变化而变化.当盐度高于10时,无瓣海桑茎、叶的膜脂质过氧化破坏显著加强.植物体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性也明显增加,两者具有很好的相关性(R2=0.914).随着盐度的升高,无瓣海桑各器官过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性都增强.根据试验结果,无瓣海桑能够在高盐度(50)下存活3个月.在盐度为0-10时,Sa在生理生态上表现对盐环境的适应性.当盐度高于20时,无瓣海桑的生理表现较为敏感,膜脂质氧化破坏严重.     

Preparation of high concentration polyaluminum chloride with high content of Alb or Alc

A novel membrane distillation concentration method was used to prepare high concentration polyaluminum chloride (PACl) with high content of Alb or Alc. 2.52 mol/L PACl1 with 88% Alb and 2.38 mol/L PACl2 with 61% Alc were successfully prepared. Three coagulants, AlCl3, PACl1 and PACl2 were investigated on their hydrolysis behavior and speciation under di erent conditions. The e ects of pH and dilution ratio on Al species distribution were investigated by ferron assay. Experimental result showed that pH had a significant e ect on Al species distribution for the three coagulants. Dilution ratio had little e ects on Alb and Alc distribution in whole dilution process except the beginning for PACl1 and PACl2. The results indicated that transformation of Al depends largely on their original composition. AlCl3 was the most unstable coagulant among these three coagulants during hydrolysis process. PACl1 and PACl2 with significant amounts of highly charged and stable polynuclear aluminum hydrolysis products were less a ected by the hydrolysis conditions and could maintain high speciation stability under various conditions.     

膜生物反应器技术及其在制浆造纸废水处理中的应用

膜生物反应器是近年来发展起来的一种新型废水处理工艺。介绍了膜生物反应器在废水处理中的应用优势,阐述其在难降解造纸废水中的处理效果。     

超滤深度处理煤矿工业广场生活污水试验研究

为解决煤矿工业广场生活污水再生利用的问题,采用超滤技术对二级生化出水进行深度处理试验研究.结果表明:超滤对浊度、CODcr及NH4+-N的平均去除率分别为94.1％、24.8％和32.7％,对粪大肠菌群数的去除率大于99.99％.在操作压力小于0.16MPa的情况下,膜通量随操作压力的提高而线性增大;当操作压力大于0.2 MPa后,膜通量受操作压力的影响较小,继续提高操作压力会加剧膜的污染,周期反冲洗能够有效抑制膜通量的下降.超滤在过滤15m in后反冲洗1min的条件下运行16h,膜通量仅下降7.3％.     

膜技术对垃圾渗滤液处理的研究

阐述了垃圾渗滤液的现有处理方法,以及膜分离组合处理工艺、其他新型生物组合处理工艺的最新研究进展,并针对膜技术处理的优缺点提出了相应的建议及展望。     

丙烯腈废水处理技术研究

丙烯腈废水含有大量的低聚物、未聚合的单体以及氰根等有害物质,目前采用物理方法处理,运行成本十分昂贵,严重挫伤了企业治污的积极性,急需找到一种物美价廉的工艺方案解决此问题。本研究提出采用混凝沉淀-铁炭微电解的预处理工艺并结合膜分离技术对丙烯腈废水进行处理研究。研究了铁炭微电解反应及混凝沉淀的最佳条件。确定了铁炭微电解中停留时间,pH值,铁炭的投放比例以及混凝剂的种类,投加量,pH值等因素对处理效果的影响,并分析了诸多因素中影响最大的因素,确定了最佳反应方案,丙烯腈废水治理提供了一条新的途径。