酸碱预处理对常压微波辐射剩余活性污泥磷释放的影响

考察了污泥酸、碱预处理在常压微波处理过程中对碳、氮、磷释放的影响.结果表明,NaOH预处理将污泥磷释放率从28.8%提高到59.1%,但同时引起了碳、氮的大量释放.同碱预处理相比,硫酸预处理能够将常压微波辐射作用下污泥磷的释放率提高3倍,达到84.5%,并可达到选择性释放碳、氮、磷的效果（氮和COD释放少,而磷释放显著）,有利于后续的磷回收.优化试验表明,pH为2.1～2.2是常压微波辐射作用下污泥磷释放的最佳硫酸预处理条件.     

有机胺插层四钛酸对直接湖蓝5B的吸附性能研究

在微波辅助下对四钛酸进行了有机胺插层,获得了正辛胺﹑正十二胺﹑正十六胺插层四钛酸材料,研究了3种层状物质作为吸附剂,pH﹑震荡时间﹑吸附剂用量等因素对直接湖蓝5B偶氮染料吸附的影响,确定了3种材料吸附的最佳条件。研究表明:微波有机胺插层四钛酸材料具有优良的吸附性能,pH=1.0时,正辛胺插层四钛酸用量为0.8 g/L﹑振荡时间40 min,正十二胺插层材料和正十六插层材料用量为0.4 g/L﹑振荡时间分别30 min和50 min时,吸附脱色效果最好。随染料浓度增大,温度升高,插层四钛酸材料会发生板层分离,表现为常规的物理吸附过程。在50℃时,正辛胺﹑正十二胺﹑正十六插层四钛酸对直接湖蓝5B染料的吸附量分别达到636 mg/g﹑3 349 mg/g﹑2 856 mg/g。     

重离子辐照1200V碳化硅二极管漏电退化的缺陷分析

目的研究1200 V碳化硅二极管重离子辐照诱生缺陷对漏电流退化的影响。方法以SiC结势垒肖特基二极管(Junction Barrier Schottky Diode,JBSD)为样品,采用能量为208 MeV,LET=37.3 MeV·cm^2/mg的锗离子进行辐照试验,利用半导体器件分析仪对重离子辐照前后1200 V SiC二极管的电学特性进行测试,利用深能级瞬态谱仪(Deep Level Transient Spectrum,DLTS)进行缺陷分析。结果辐照后,二极管的正向IV特性和CV特性未发生明显变化,反向IV特性退化。DLTS测试结果显示,E0.4能级和Z1/Z2能级基本未发生变化,EH能级有展宽的现象。测试电压VM=-8 V,填充脉冲电压VF=-1 V条件下测得的EH能级浓度比VF=-4 V条件下测得的高。结论分析认为,EH能级的缺陷复杂,推测是两个或多个缺陷能级的叠加(EH4、EH5、EH6、EH7等),此处缺陷的复杂程度与漏电流的退化成正相关,且这些缺陷的所在位置接近SiC外延层的表面。     

空间粒子辐射环境下石墨膜力学性能的演变规律

目的将石墨膜置于9×10^5~9×10^7 rad(Si)总剂量下获得辐射改性石墨膜材料,探讨空间粒子辐射作用下石墨膜拉伸强度的演变规律。方法采用SEM、XRD、煅烧分析及XPS等手段分析石墨膜的结构及成分。结果石墨膜为有序堆积的层状结构,层间距为0.3355 nm,碳的质量分数高达99.75%,挥发分的质量分数为0.04%,灰分的质量分数为0.21%,XPS只检测到C1s及O1s峰。石墨膜的平均热膨胀系数为负值,且其峰值仅为-1.33×10^-6/℃,具备出色的结构稳定性。空间粒子辐射环境模拟试验表明,随着辐射剂量的升高,石墨膜的拉伸强度逐渐衰减,在更高剂量辐射下,石墨膜的拉伸强度趋向稳定。通过Raman光谱仪对辐射石墨膜结构的分析,揭示了力学性能的演变机理。结论辐射石墨膜的拉伸强度与其缺陷含量有很大的相关性,未经过辐射的原始石墨膜的缺陷含量最低,其拉伸强度最大,随着石墨膜的缺陷含量逐渐增多,其拉伸强度逐渐降低。     

Removal of virus aerosols by the combination of filtration and UV-C irradiation

● The removal of virus aerosols by filtration and UV-C irradiation was proposed. ● The filtration efficiency for virus aerosols was affected by the filtration rate. ● The inactivation rate by UV-C was not linear with irradiation intensity or time. ● The virus trapped by filter material had a shielding effect on UV-C irradiation. The COVID-19 pandemic remains ever prevalent and afflicting—partially because one of its transmission pathways is aerosol. With the widely used central air conditioning systems worldwide, indoor virus aerosols can rapidly migrate, thus resulting in rapid infection transmission. It is therefore important to install microbial aerosol treatment units in the air conditioning systems, and we herein investigated the possibility of combining such filtration with UV irradiation to address virus aerosols. Results showed that the removal efficiency of filtration towards f2 and MS2 phages depended on the type of commercial filter material and the filtration speed, with an optimal velocity of 5 cm/s for virus removal. Additionally, it was found that UV irradiation had a significant effect on inactivating viruses enriched on the surfaces of filter materials; MS2 phages had greater resistance to UV-C irradiation than f2 phages. The optimal inactivation time for UV-C irradiation was 30 min, with higher irradiation times presenting no substantial increase in inactivation rate. Moreover, excessive virus enrichment on the filters decreased the inactivation effect. Timely inactivation is therefore recommended. In general, the combined system involving filtration with UV-C irradiation demonstrated a significant removal effect on virus aerosols. Moreover, the system is simple and economical, making it convenient for widespread implementation in air-conditioning systems.     

污水的光化学灭菌处理研究

以日光和中压汞灯为光源,以亚甲基兰为光敏剂,研究了南京市某污水样的灭菌处理和从灭菌水样中除去ＭＢ的方法,结果表明,光源,光强,光照时间,ＭＢ用量和溶解氧等因素对灭菌有显著影响,不加ＭＢ的水样经紫外光灭菌后,在日光下细菌呈现复活,当１Ｌ细菌总数为３．１×１０＾６个／ｍｌ的污水加入２ｍｇ ＭＢ,并在充气状态下以３００Ｗ中压汞灯光照４ｍｉｎ,其灭菌率达１００％,且无光复活,同样条件下日光的灭菌率则低很多     

Enzymatic Degradation of Poly(l-Lactic Acid): Effects of UV Irradiation

Amorphous and crystallized poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA-A and PLLA-C, respectively) films were prepared, and the proteinase K-catalyzed enzymatic degradation of UV-irradiated and non-irradiated PLLA-A and PLLA-C films was investigated for periods up to 10 h (PLLA-A) and 60 h (PLLA-C). The molecular weights of both the PLLA-A and PLLA-C films can be manipulated by altering the UV irradiation time. The enzymatic weight loss values of the UV-irradiated PLLA films were higher than or similar to those of the non-irradiated PLLA film, when compared with the specimens of same crystallinities. UV irradiation is expected to cause the PLLA films to undergo chain cleavage (a decrease in molecular weight) and the formation of C=C double bonds. It seems that the acceleration effects from decreased molecular weight on enzymatic degradation were higher than or balanced with the disturbance effects caused by the formation of C=C double bonds. After enzymatic degradation, a fibrous structure appeared on the spherulites of the UV-irradiated PLLA-C film. This structure may have arisen from chains containing or neighboring on the C=C double bonds, which were enzymatically undegraded and assembled on the film surface during enzymatic degradation. The results of this study strongly suggest that UV irradiation will significantly affect the biodegradation behavior of PLLA materials in the environment.     

微波解毒含铬废渣

用褐煤作还原剂还原含铬废渣中Cr6+,考察了褐煤以及铬渣在微波场中的升温行为,研究了铬渣解毒的影响因素。实验结果表明,铬渣和褐煤在微波环境中都能升温达到还原反应温度,Cr6+的转化率和体系温度随着微波功率的增加、辐射时间延长、煤渣比增加、煤渣量增加Cr6+的转化率相应提高。在微波功率为700W,辐射时间为20min,煤渣比为20∶100,煤渣量为20g时,Cr6+的转化率达到99.12%,体系温度达到1050℃。     

活性炭细化及在微波照射快速降解酸性红B中应用

在粉末状活性炭存在下,微波照射能快速降解酸性红B。对总体积25 mL,浓度100 mg/L的酸性红B溶液,活性炭加入量1.6 g/L,微波照射1.5 min时,降解率可达73.20%。同样条件下适当提高活性炭加入量,如3.2 g/L时,降解率可达到98.63%。因此,选择活性炭作为催化剂具有降解率高,速度快,成本低,降解彻底,无二次污染等优点,适合于大规模治理各种染料废水。     

GC-MS在电子束辐照降解甲苯中的应用

用甲苯作为挥发性有机化合物的代表物质,建立了活性炭吸附-二硫化碳解吸气相色谱-质谱分析方法,对电子束辐照甲苯的静态实验和动态实验进行了定性、定量分析。实验结果表明：电子束辐照能有效地降解甲笨,其降解率随吸收剂量的增加而增大;同时,甲苯降解过程中也会生成部分有毒有害物质。该分析方法的检出限为0．02mg／L,工作曲线的线性范围为10～1000mg／L,相关系数为0．9998,活性炭吸附、解吸甲苯的加标回收率大于90％。