电子束辐射对铜绿微囊藻藻毒素产生和释放的抑制作用研究

铜绿微囊藻及其所产生的藻毒素严重威胁人类健康和生命安全,给水处理带来很大困难.利用直线加速器产生的电子束对铜绿微囊藻分别进行1、2、3、4和5 kGy的辐射,通过胞内毒素和胞外毒素的变化,分析了电子束辐射对藻细胞毒素产生和释放过程的影响.结果表明,2～5 kGy的辐射使藻细胞叶绿素a含量迅速大幅下降,对胞外毒素的去除率分别为76.9%、76.2%、76.2%和97.7%,表明电子束辐射对微囊藻毒素的降解作用.胞内毒素、胞外毒素与叶绿素a浓度之间的相关性拟合进一步证实电子束辐射抑制了胞内毒素的产生.     

Synthesis,crystal structure,photodegradation kinetics and photocatalytic activity of novel photocatalyst ZnBiYO4

ZnBiYO₄ was synthesized by a solid-state reaction method for the first time. The structural and photocatalytic properties of ZnBiYO₄ were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance. ZnBiYO₄ crystallized with a tetragonal spinel structure with space group I41/A. The lattice parameters for ZnBiYO₄ were a = b = 11.176479 Å and c = 10.014323 Å. The band gap of ZnBiYO₄ was estimated to be 1.58 eV. The photocatalytic activity of ZnBiYO₄ was assessed by photodegradation of methyl orange under visible light irradiation. The results showed that ZnBiYO₄ had higher catalytic activity compared with N-doped TiO₂ under the same experimental conditions using visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange with ZnBiYO₄ or N-doped TiO₂ as catalyst followed first-order reaction kinetics, and the first-order rate constant was 0.01575 and 0.00416 min^− 1 for ZnBiYO₄ and N-doped TiO₂, respectively. After visible light irradiation for 220 min with ZnBiYO₄ as catalyst, complete removal and mineralization of methyl orange were observed. The reduction of total organic carbon, formation of inorganic products, SO₄^2 − and NO₃⁻, and evolution of CO₂ revealed the continuous mineralization of methyl orange during the photocatalytic process. The intermediate products were identified using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The ZnBiYO₄/(visible light) photocatalysis system was found to be suitable for textile industry wastewater treatment and could be used to solve other environmental chemical pollution problems.     

Theoretical Calculation and Economic Assessment of the Integrated Solar Combined Cycle Power Plants

The ISCC technology representing an integrated solar combined cycle and the economic assessment of ISCC are investigated. Comparisons conducted by theoretical calculation method among two cases, that is, an integrated solar combined cycle system (ISCCS) and a combined cycle gas turbine system (CCGTS) show that ISCCS provides the best solution with the highest efficiency of heat to electricity among them. The results reflected by theoretical calculation also reveal that ISCCS is beneficial to energy saving and emission reduction. Due to the great advantages of ISCC, comprehensive analysis on the basic conditions for building ISCC power plants is analyzed in detail.     

宇宙线辐射对人类健康的影响

介绍了宇宙线辐射对人类在不同生活环境和活动空间中所致的剂呈，估计了航空机组人员受到宇线照射潜在的危险性，并作出了卫生学评价。     

The synergistic interaction of Nickel(II) with dna damaging agents

In this report we present several examples in which nickel(II) in combination with DNA damaging agents caused an enhanced or synergistic biological response using several different endpoints. These examples of Ni(II) toxicity represent several approaches designed to understand the genotoxicity of Ni(II) as well as several other metal ions. They are discussed in this report as a partial basis for our hypothesis that Ni(II) may alter the cellular processing of DNA damage at some common point in the pathway for DNA repair of several different agents. In cultured Chinese hamster cells DNA damage by Ni(II) ions was not readily demonstrated by the method of alkaline elution, but pretreatment of cells with Ni(II) before X‐irradiation produced an enhanced amount of strand breaks compared to the amount produced by X‐rays alone. A synergistic enhancement of cell transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells was observed for combined treatments of Ni(II) and benzo(a)pyrene. The nickel enhancement of mutagenesis by ultraviolet light was demonstrated for the bacterial gene gpt stably integrated into the Chinese hamster V79 genome.     

钴-60γ辐照装置退役处置β放射性表面沾污测量

介绍了辐照装置退役，放射性表面沾污的测量过程。     

阴离子嵌段磁性混凝剂去除低浓度亚甲基蓝

采用模板法合成具有阴离子嵌段结构阴离子聚丙烯酰胺（TAPAM）,然后用聚多巴胺（PDA）进行改性,通过螯合作用接枝Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒,命名为TAPAM-PDA-Fe₃O₄,并对合成新型磁混凝剂进行多种表征分析.通过与PDA和APAM-Fe₃O₄对亚甲基蓝的去除效果对比,结果表明,TAPAM-PDA-Fe₃O₄去除率最高,且在中性/碱性条件下（7.03O₄能有效去除低浓度亚甲基蓝,在亚甲基蓝初始浓度为4mg/L,pH值为9时去除效率最大值达到97.5%.     

Microwave and Fenton's reagent oxidation of wastewater

We compared two H₂O₂ oxidation methods for the treatment of industrial wastewater: oxidation using Fenton's reagent [H₂O₂/Fe(II)] and microwave irradiation. Both methods were applied to the treatment of synthetic phenol solutions (100 mg L⁻¹) and of an industrial effluent containing a mixture of ionic and non-ionic surfactants at high load (20 g L⁻¹ of COD). The effects of initial pH, initial H₂O₂ concentration, Fenton catalyst amount and irradiation time were assessed. According to the oxidation of phenol, it has been found that the oxidation by Fenton's reagent is dependent on the pH, contrary to the microwave system, which is not influenced by this parameter. For both systems, a limiting amount of oxidant has been found; above this point the oxidation of phenol is not improved by a further addition of peroxide. The oxidation of the industrial surfactant effluent has only been successful with the Fenton's reagent. In this case, large amounts of ferrous ions are necessary for the precipitation of the ionic surfactants of the effluent, followed by the oxidation of the non-ionic constituents of the solution. Electronic Publication     

The Effect of UV-B Irradiation on the Biodegradability of Poly-β-Hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and Poly-ɛ-Caprolactone (PCL)

The biodegradability of poly--hydroxybutyrate and poly--caprolactone in soil compostage before and after irradiation of the polymers for 192, 425, and 600 h in a Weather-Ometer was examined. The biodegradability tests were done in soil compostage at pH 7.0, 9.0, and 11.0 to assess the influence of this parameter on degradation. The rate of degradation was directly proportional to the soil alkalinity. Poly--hydroxybutyrate showed the greatest weight loss and aging in a Weather-Ometer did not significantly increase the biodegradation, except when the polymer was aged for 425 h and buried in soil compostage of pH 11.0.     

脱除烟气中SO2和NOx的新技术

综述了近年来新开发的脱除烟气中ＳＯ２及ＮＯｘ的新技术，包括膜技术、电化学技术及结合化学反应的高能辐射技术（电子束照射、等离子体电晕放电等），经过不断改进，其中有些技术已处于中试阶段，显示出了一定的应用前景。