微波改性MWNTs/TiO2复合材料对1,2,3-三氯苯的光催化降解研究

在微波辐照干化的条件下用溶胶-凝胶法制备了MWNTs/TiO2复合光催化剂.对该复合材料的表征表明：随着微波功率逐渐增大至400 W,MWNTs/TiO2复合材料管径逐渐变小,且在400 W时制备的MWNTs/TiO2复合材料分散性较好.进一步增大微波功率导致复合材料的管径增大,分散性降低.研究了不同微波辐照条件下制备的MWNTs/TiO2复合光催化剂对1,2,3-三氯苯的光催化降解效果,结果表明,该复合光催化剂对1,2,3-三氯苯的光降解遵循一级反应动力学;在微波功率为400 W、辐照时间为5 min情况下制备的复合光催化剂对1,2,3-三氯苯的降解速率最快,其反应常数为0.023 7 min^-1,该值比非微波加热干化的同样复合材料的反应速率常数值提高了52%.     

基于多因子影响的东南沿海地区服役涂层环境试验设计

目的通过分析东南沿海地区车辆服役环境特点,提取了光照、温度、水、化学介质四种影响因素,分析四种影响因素的影响机理、影响方式、影响效果。方法对《GJB 150A—2009军用装备实验室环境试验方法》的基本运用方法及裁剪技术进行初步探讨,依据该标准制定东南沿海地区服役车辆涂层实验室试验的流程方法,并进行试验验证。结果实验室加速腐蚀试验结果与现役涂层腐蚀情况具有较好的相关性。结论为东南沿海地区涂层环境试验的设计、实施及测评,对涂层寿命预测、有效性检验和维修保养方案制定提供了重要的依据。     

Photoreductive degradation of sulfur hexafluoride in the presence of styrene

Sulfur hexafluoride （SF6） is known as one of the most powerful greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Reductive photodegradation of SF6 by styrene has been studied with the purpose of developing a novel remediation for sulfur hexafluoride pollution. Effects of reaction conditions on the destruction and removal efficiency （DRE） of SF6 are examined in this study. Both initial styrene-to-SF6 ratio and initial oxygen concentration exert a significant influence on DRE. SF6 removal efficiency reaches a maximum value at the initial styrene-to-SF6 ratio of 0.2. It is found that DRE increases with oxygen concentration over the range of 0 to 0.09 mol/m^3 and then decreases with increasing oxygen concentration. When water vapor is fed into the gas mixture, DRE is slightly enhanced over the whole studied time scale. The X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy （XPS） analysis, together with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR） analysis, prove that nearly all the initial fluorine residing in the gas phase is in the form of SiF4, whereas, the initial sulfur is deposited in the form of elemental sulfur, after photodegradation. Free from toxic byproducts, photodegradation in the presence of styrene may serve as a promising technique for SF6 abatement.     

2种潮间带大型海藻种间竞争作用对UV-B辐射增强的响应

选择2种代表性的潮间带大型海藻孔石莼(Ulva pertusa)和蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia filicina),采用单独培养和共同培养的方法,以生物量为主要测定指标,研究了二者种间竞争关系及这种关系在UV-B辐射增强时的响应趋势.结果表明,孔石莼和蜈蚣藻二者的种间竞争同时包含营养竞争和相生相克2种机制,试验中营养充足及营养限制的共养处理下孔石莼特定生长率是蜈蚣藻相应值的2.54和2.47倍,蜈蚣藻在竞争关系中处于劣势;UV-B辐射对单独培养的孔石莼和蜈蚣藻的生长均有抑制作用,且随着UV-B胁迫时间延长及辐射剂量的增加,抑制作用愈加显著;共同培养条件下,低剂量[1.6kJ·(m2·d)-1]、中剂量[4.8kJ·(m2·d)-1]的UV-B辐射时孔石莼虽占据竞争优势,但其种群竞争能力有弱化趋势,孔石莼和蜈蚣藻的生物量比共养对照分别下降6.81%、3.88%和10.47%、6.98%,二者的种间竞争趋向均衡;12d时高剂量[9.6 kJ·(m2·d)-1]UV-B辐射使孔石莼的生物量下降13.09%,而蜈蚣藻生物量降低更多达14.72%,从而导致孔石莼在高剂量辐射处理中的优势地位更趋于明显,因此UV.B辐射增强可改变共培养体系中孔石莼和蜈蚣藻种间竞争的关系,且对应于不同uV-B辐射剂量其表现不同;长期UV-B辐射可能会影响孔石莼和蜈蚣藻产生克生物质的代谢过程.     

Modeling of secondary treated wastewater disinfection by UV irradiation: Effects of suspended solids content

This work aimed to study UV-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, to propose a formulation of the kinetics of secondary treated wastewater disinfection and to underline the influence of suspended solids on the inactivation kinetics of these strains. Some investigations were carried out for the validation of some simulation models, from the simplest, the kinetics model of Chick-Watson reduced to first order, to rather complex models such as multi-kinetic and Collins-Selleck models. Results revealed that the involved processes of UV irradiation were too complex to be approached by a simplified formulation, even in the case of specific strains of microorganisms and the use of nearly constant UV radiation intensity. In fact, the application of Chick-Watson model in its original form is not representative of the kinetics of UV disinfection. Modification, taking into account the speed change during the disinfection process, has not significantly improved results. On the other hand, the application of Collins-Selleck model demonstrates that it was necessary to exceed a least dose of critical radiation to start the process of inactivation. To better explain the process of inactivation, we have assumed that the action of disinfectant on the survival of lonely microorganisms is faster than its action on suspended solids protected or agglomerated to each others. We can assume in this case the existence of two inactivation kinetics during the processes (parallel and independent) of the first-order. For this reason, the application of a new kinetic model by introducing a third factor reflecting the influence of suspended solids in water on disinfection kinetics appeared to be determinant for modeling UV inactivation of P. aeruginosa in secondary treated wastewater.     

Parameters effect on heterogeneous photocatalysed degradation of phenol in aqueous dispersion of TiO_2

In this study, photocatalytic degradation of phenol selected as model compound of organic pollutant had been investigated in aqueous titanium dioxide (TiO2) dispersion under UV irradiation. The effects of various parameters such as pH, catalyst concentration, phenol concentration, anions, metal ions, electron acceptors, and surfactants on the photocatalytic degradation of phenol were investigated. The degradation kinetics was determined by the change in phenol concentration employing UV-Vis spectrometry as a function of irradiation time. The degradation kinetics of phenol follows pseudo first-order kinetics. The results showed a significant dependence of the photocatalytic degradation of phenol on the functional parameters. The probable promising roles of the additives on the degradation process were discussed.     

Degradation of bisphenol-A using ultrasonic irradiation assisted by low-concentration hydrogen peroxide

This study investigated the degradation of bisphenol-A (BPA) by ultrasonic irradiation in the presence of different additives (H2O2,air bubbles and humic acid) under various operating conditions,i.e.,ultrasonic frequency,power intensity and power density.The results demonstrated that the BPA degradation followed pseudo first-order kinetics under different experimental conditions.The optimum power intensities were 0.9,1.8,and 3.0W/cm 2 at the frequencies of 400,670,and 800 kHz,respectively.At the fixed frequ...     

Statistical modeling of radiolytic (60Co g) degradation of Ofloxacin,antibiotic: Synergetic effect,kinetic studies & assessment of its degraded metabolites

Linear, interactive and quadratic effects of process parameters were studied. Degradation of Ofloxacin (Ofx) was related with G value of irradiation process. The synergistic effect of H₂O₂ on lower dose of g-irradiation was established. The process follows pseudo first order with dose constant (d = 0.232 kGy^–1). The impact of human activities in the past few decades has paved the way for the release of pollutants due to the improper effluent treatment. Recent studies revealed that, Ofloxacin, an antibiotic as one of the major pollutant affecting surface water and ground water. In this study, the radiolytic potential of Ofloxacin was investigated. The effects of pH, dose and concentration of Ofloxacin were analyzed using One Factor At a Time (OFAT) and the interactive effects between the parameters were studied using Face Centered Central Composite Design. The statistically optimised developed model shows 30% degradation at initial antibiotic concentration of 1mM at pH 3.0 and at 2 kGy dose of gamma ray. The process efficiency was evaluated in terms of G value and its correlation with the concentration of antibiotic was also established. The process of degradation was augmented by the addition of H₂O₂ (1.5 mM). The reaction kinetics for the process was evaluated, the dose rate constant and the rate of degradation for the augmented process was found to be 0.232 kGy^-1 and 0.232 mM/kGy, respectively. The degraded metabolites of the radiolytic degradation of Ofloxacin were analyzed through change in pH, reduction in TOC and GC-MS spectrum.     

γ-射线辐照对太湖原水中越冬蓝藻复苏的抑制

采用60Co衰变产生的γ-射线辐照太湖原水,研究其对水中越冬蓝藻复苏的抑制,分析不同吸收剂量和添加物(甲醇、碳酸钠)对抑制效果的影响.结果表明,γ-射线辐照能有效抑制太湖水中越冬蓝藻的复苏,吸收剂量越大,抑制蓝藻复苏的效果越好.吸收剂量为5kGy的水样,培养40d,水中叶绿素a(Chl-a)、叶绿素b(Chl-b)和藻蓝素(PC)含量分别为对照样的8.66%、16.8%和17.2%,抑制了越冬蓝藻的复苏.0.5%甲醇和0.22mmol/LNa2CO3添加物抑制了辐照过程,与不含添加物水样相比,相同吸收剂量下,相同培养时间内,含添加物水样中Chl-a、Chl-b和PC浓度较高.     

Transesterification of hazelnut oil by ultrasonic irradiation

Ultrasonic irradiation is considered an effective way to increase mass transfer between immiscible liquid–liquid phases in a heterogeneous system leading to faster transesterification and higher yield and saving excess methanol and catalyst. In this study, the transesteri?cation of hazelnut oil with methanol and ethanol was performed in the presence of potassium hydroxide or sodium methoxide as a catalyst using two types of ultrasonic irradiation with a probe (20 kHz, 200 W) and a bath (35 kHz, 400 W); a conventional production method was also used. The reaction time, alcohol:oil molar ratio, catalyst type (KOH or NaOCH₃), and catalyst amount (wt.% of oil) were studied as experimental parameters. The highest methyl ester conversion was obtained as 98.12% by using ultrasonic probe at a 5:1 methanol:oil molar ratio with KOH 1 wt.% of oil as catalyst in 20-min reaction time at autogenous temperature. The application of ultrasonic irradiation by using a probe decreased the level of energy consumption, showing that this method may be a promising alternative compared with the conventional production method.