系统电磁脉冲效应摸底试验初探

目的研究武器装备系统的电磁脉冲效应。方法采用系统理论计算和部件摸底试验相结合的方法,以某装备的信息处理模块为测试对象,开展电磁脉冲近场辐照和电流注入试验,通过改变场强、注入电流等试验条件,探讨电磁脉冲对该模块的电磁效应。结果得出了工作状态下该模块的电磁脉冲干扰效应试验数据,该模块在310 V/m的辐照场强或电缆耦合电流为4.3~6.4 A时会出现敏感状态,多次测试时百分之百敏感阈值略高。结论对部件开展近场辐照和电流注入的电磁脉冲摸底试验方法可行,为进一步研究系统装备电子部件的电子脉冲效应提供了借鉴。     

程序升温微波辐照法解吸活性炭上吸附的甲苯

利用微波辐照作为加热手段,采用程序升温的方法对活性炭上吸附的甲苯进行解吸。程序升温条件为：初始温度及升温幅度为100℃,每个温度点保持10min,终温500℃保持5min。实验结果表明,程序升温解吸45min,甲苯解吸率达91％。程序升温和400℃恒温微波辐照解吸两种方法对比发现,甲苯解吸率达90％的时间基本相当,但程序升温解吸的能量消耗更小,能量利用率更高。     

Detection of intermediates in the TiO2-assisted photodegradation of Rhodamine B under visible light irradiation

The photocatalytic degradation of dye Rhodamine B （RhB） in the presence of TiO2 nanostdpe or P25 under visible light irradiation was investigated. The degradation intermediates were identified using Infrared spectra （IR spectra）, ^1H nuclear magnetic resonance （^1HNMR） spectra, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy （GC-MS）. The IR and the ^1HNMR results showed that the large conjugated chromophore structure of RhB was efficiently destroyed under visible light irradiation in both the photocatalytic systems （TiO2 nanostfipe or P25 and Rhodamine B systems）. GC-MS results showed that the main identified intermediates were ethanediotic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid and benzoic acid, which were almost the same in the TiO2 nanostdpes and P25 systems. This work provides a good insight into the reaction pathway（s） for the TiO2-assisted photocatalytic degradation of dye pollutants under visible light irradiation.     

A collaborative strategy for enhanced reduction of Cr(VI) by Fe(0) in the presence of oxalate under sunlight: Performance and mechanism

Nanometer-size zero-valent iron (NZVI) is an efficient reducing agent, but its surface is easily passivated with an oxide layer, leading to reaction inefficiency. In our study, oxalate (OA) was introduced into this heterogeneous system of NZVI, which could form ferrioxalate complexes with the NZVI surface-bound Fe³⁺ and dissolved Fe³⁺ in the solution. Photolysis of ferrioxalate complexes can facilitate the generation of Fe²⁺ from Fe³⁺ and CO₂^?- radical, both species have strong reduction capacity. Hence, a “photo-oxalate-Fe(0)” system through sunlight induction was established, which not only prohibited the formation of a surface passivation layer, but also displayed a synergetic mechanism of ferrioxalate photolysis to enhance reduction, exhibiting remarkably higher degradation activity (several times faster) toward the model pollutant Cr(VI) than the mechanism with NZVI alone. Factor tests suggested that both NZVI dosage and OA content markedly affected the reduction rate. Low pH was beneficial to the reduction efficiency. Moreover, recyclability experiment showed that the reduction rate decreased from 0.21706 to 0.03977 min^?1 after three cycles of reuse due to the NZVI losing reaction activity generally, but the system still maintained considerable reduction capacity. Finally, a mechanism was revealed whereby NZVI would transform to Fe oxides after the exhaustion of its reductive power, and the photolysis of ferrioxalate to promote the cycling of iron species played the predominant role in providing extra reduction ability. These features confirm that introduction of OA into Cr(VI) reduction by NZVI through sunlight induction is advantageous and promising.     

Experimental design of Fenton and photo-Fenton reactions for the treatment of cellulose bleaching effluents

Multivariate experimental design was applied to the treatment of a cellulose conventional bleaching effluent in order to evaluate the use of the Fenton reagent under solar light irradiation. The effluent was characterised by the general parameters total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand and color, and it was analysed for chlorinated low molecular weight compounds using GC–MS. The main parameters that govern the complex reactive system: Fe(II) and H₂O₂ initial concentration, and temperature were simultaneously studied. Factorial experimental design allowed to assign the weight of each variable in the TOC removal after 15 min of reaction. Temperature had an important effect in the organic matter degradation, especially when the ratio of Fenton reagents was not properly chosen. Fenton reagent under solar irradiation proved to be highly effective for these types of wastewaters. A 90% TOC reduction was achieved in only 15 min of treatment. In addition, the GC–MS analysis showed the elimination of the chlorinated organic compounds initially detected in the studied bleaching effluents.     

Photodegradation of Dyes in Aqueous Solutions containing Fe(III) -hydroxy Complex II. Solar Photodegradation Kinetics

The solar photodegradation of five dyes, C.I. reactive red 2, C.I. reactive blue 4, C.I. reactive black 8, C.I. basic red 13, and C.I. basic yellow 2, were studied in a sunlight/Fe(III)-hydroxy system. It was observed that the photodegradation of these five dyes were pseudo-first order reactions, which has a little difference with the photodegradation kinetics of the dyes with UV-light as the irradiation source. The comparison between the two studies is also conducted.     

聚季铵盐丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物治理煤泥水的应用研究

本文研究了聚季铵盐丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物PQAAM在煤泥水治理中的絮凝沉降作用,说明该絮凝剂是一种质量优良的新型高效的阳离子絮凝剂,对煤泥水治理和环境保护有着广泛的应用前景。     

微波-化学方法除去原煤无机硫的穆斯堡尔谱研究

采用~(17)Fe穆斯堡尔谱学方法研究原煤中无机硫的形态和微波-化学方法脱硫的机理和规律.结果表明,煤中无机硫主要以黄铁矿形式存在.低铁硫酸盐则是原煤风化程度的一种表征;微波选择性介质加热,导致煤中黄铁矿与煤组分进行原位热化学反应,产生能溶于稀盐酸的铁硫化合物Fe_(1-x)S_x(0相似文献   

Gamma irradiation of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole aqueous solution in the presence of persulfate

Recently, water treatment by ionizing radiation has gained increasing attention as a powerful technology for the destruction of refractory pollutants. 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole(MBT) is known as a widespread, toxic and poorly biodegradable pollutant. This paper studied the gamma irradiation of aqueous solutions of MBT. Moreover, the effect of the addition of persulfate(S2O82-) on the radiolytic destruction of MBT was investigated. The main transformation products of the studied compound were detected and the sequence of occurrence of the products was described. The change of biodegradability of MBT solution was also observed. The main results obtained in this study indicated that gamma radiation was effective for removing MBT in aqueous solution. Persulfate addition, which induced the formation of reactive sulfate radicals(SO4-U), greatly enhanced the degradation of MBT. Benzothiazole was identified as the first radiation product, followed by 2-hydroxybenzothiazole. Decomposition of MBT started with the oxidation of –SH groups to sulfate ions. Possible pathways for MBT decomposition by gamma irradiation were proposed. The BOD/COD ratios of MBT samples were increased after radiation,indicating the improvement of biodegradability and reduction of toxicity.     

不同无害化处理对污泥中有机组分的影响

以城市污泥为材料,研究了热喷、辐射和堆肥 3 种无害化处理方式对污泥中有机组分形态的影响.结果表明,污泥中的有机组分经过热喷和辐射处理后,易降解物含量增加,难降解物含量降低;而堆肥处理则相反.污泥总氮的 70%~80%是有机氮,热喷、辐射处理使污泥中的有机氮向易矿化态转变,易矿化态氮含量较处理前分别增加 8.0%和 6.5%;而堆肥处理使污泥中的有机氮向难矿化态转变,难矿化态氮含量增加了 4.1%.经热喷、辐射处理后污泥中有机磷的活性显著提高,但堆肥处理降低了污泥中有机磷的活性.热喷、辐射处理使得污泥中水溶性有机物的大分子组分向小分子组分转化,堆肥处理则与之相反.因此,经热喷、辐射处理的污泥的供肥效果优于堆肥处理.