高固体污泥微波热水解特性变化

考察浓度7%、9%和13%的高固体污泥微波热水解特性,通过生化产甲烷潜能(BMP)实验,分析热处理污泥厌氧消化性能的变化.结果表明,微波加热升温速度快,污泥中悬浮性挥发固体(VSS)和悬浮固体(SS)溶解,液相COD、TOC、氨氮、TN和TP浓度增大, pH值降低.水解效率受污泥浓度影响显著,浓度13%的污泥VSS和SS溶解率低于7%和9%的污泥.170℃热水解5min,9%污泥的VSS和SS溶解率分别为23%和18%, SCOD浓度为41g/L, TOC和氨氮浓度达到30g/L和1g/L.热水解污泥厌氧消化性能提高,9%污泥的产气量在170℃、5min和10min比未处理污泥增加27%和30.8%.热水解时间对提高消化性能影响不大,热水解由5 min到10min,120℃、150℃和170℃的产气量分别增加4%、3.6%和5.7%.     

Modeling of secondary treated wastewater disinfection by UV irradiation: Effects of suspended solids content

This work aimed to study UV-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, to propose a formulation of the kinetics of secondary treated wastewater disinfection and to underline the influence of suspended solids on the inactivation kinetics of these strains. Some investigations were carried out for the validation of some simulation models, from the simplest, the kinetics model of Chick-Watson reduced to first order, to rather complex models such as multi-kinetic and Collins-Selleck models. Results revealed that the involved processes of UV irradiation were too complex to be approached by a simplified formulation, even in the case of specific strains of microorganisms and the use of nearly constant UV radiation intensity. In fact, the application of Chick-Watson model in its original form is not representative of the kinetics of UV disinfection. Modification, taking into account the speed change during the disinfection process, has not significantly improved results. On the other hand, the application of Collins-Selleck model demonstrates that it was necessary to exceed a least dose of critical radiation to start the process of inactivation. To better explain the process of inactivation, we have assumed that the action of disinfectant on the survival of lonely microorganisms is faster than its action on suspended solids protected or agglomerated to each others. We can assume in this case the existence of two inactivation kinetics during the processes (parallel and independent) of the first-order. For this reason, the application of a new kinetic model by introducing a third factor reflecting the influence of suspended solids in water on disinfection kinetics appeared to be determinant for modeling UV inactivation of P. aeruginosa in secondary treated wastewater.     

利用辐照预处理麦秆作为反硝化固体碳源的研究

采用经辐照预处理的秸秆作为反硝化微生物的固体碳源和生物膜载体反硝化脱氮,以考察辐照预处理是否可以提高麦秆作为固体碳源反硝化的性能.静态试验结果表明,辐照预处理可以使麦秆作为固体碳源反硝化的反硝化速率提高20%,在硝酸氮初始浓度65.3 mg/L时,辐照剂量300 kGy的麦秆的反硝化速率可以达到0.087　mg/(g·h),硝酸氮去除率在90%以上.部分试验结果通过麦秆的表面结构红外分析和扫描电镜观察得到了证实.     

Parameters effect on heterogeneous photocatalysed degradation of phenol in aqueous dispersion of TiO_2

In this study, photocatalytic degradation of phenol selected as model compound of organic pollutant had been investigated in aqueous titanium dioxide (TiO2) dispersion under UV irradiation. The effects of various parameters such as pH, catalyst concentration, phenol concentration, anions, metal ions, electron acceptors, and surfactants on the photocatalytic degradation of phenol were investigated. The degradation kinetics was determined by the change in phenol concentration employing UV-Vis spectrometry as a function of irradiation time. The degradation kinetics of phenol follows pseudo first-order kinetics. The results showed a significant dependence of the photocatalytic degradation of phenol on the functional parameters. The probable promising roles of the additives on the degradation process were discussed.     

制浆废液中有机物资源利用研究

将马尾松KP法制浆过程中产生的废液的浓缩液与甲醛羟甲基化反应的产物,用三聚氰胺树脂进行接枝,制备出一种用于纸浆内添加的新型纸张增强剂.研究了羟甲基化和接枝反应的条件对纸张增强剂的性能及其对纸张物理性能的影响,并优化出反应条件.同时应用红外光谱、扫描电镜考察了纸张增强剂合成机理,证实了改性制浆废液中已经引入了羟甲基,羟甲基化制浆废液与三聚氰胺树脂之间已发生了缩合反应.结果表明,最佳羟甲基化反应条件为:制浆废液质量分数为50%,制浆废液与甲醛的质量比1∶0.2,温度70℃,时间2.5 h,pH值为11.最佳接枝工艺条件为:改性制浆废液质量分数为40%,三聚氰胺用量为改性制浆废液质量的20%,引发剂用量为三聚氰胺质量的5%,接枝反应温度70℃,接枝聚合的pH值为11.在以上条件下,增强剂用量为绝干纸浆的5%时,可使干纸断裂长提高28%,湿纸断裂长达干纸的24%.同时,制浆废液纸张增强剂颜色较深,更适用于对白度要求不高的本色浆产品.     

Beijing Tong Ren Tang Company Limited Scientific Research Institute, Beijing 100011, China

By dynamic method under UV irradiation,commercial melt-blown polypropylene(PPMB)filter element was modified with acrylamide(AAm)using benzophenone(BP)as initiator.Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope verified that polyacrylamide chain was grafted on the fiber surface of PPMB filter element.Elemental content analysis with energy dispersive X-ray of fibers revealed that the polymerization content in the inner part of filter element was relatively higher than that in the outer.Degree of grafting changed with initiator concentration,monomer concentration,reaction temperature and reached 2.6% at the reaction condition:C_(BP)=0.06 mol/L,C_(AAm)=2.0 mol/L,irradiation time:80 min,temperature: 60℃.Relative water flux altered with the hydrophilicity and pore size of filter element.In the antifouling test,the modified filter gave greater flux recovery(approximately 70%)after filtration of the water extract of Liuweidihuang,suggesting that the fouling layer was more easily reversible due to the hydrophilic nature of the modified filter.     

Degradation of bisphenol-A using ultrasonic irradiation assisted by low-concentration hydrogen peroxide

This study investigated the degradation of bisphenol-A (BPA) by ultrasonic irradiation in the presence of different additives (H2O2,air bubbles and humic acid) under various operating conditions,i.e.,ultrasonic frequency,power intensity and power density.The results demonstrated that the BPA degradation followed pseudo first-order kinetics under different experimental conditions.The optimum power intensities were 0.9,1.8,and 3.0W/cm 2 at the frequencies of 400,670,and 800 kHz,respectively.At the fixed frequ...     

Fe-Ni-Si三元合金辐照诱发的Ni-Si团簇形核及生长演变机制

目的 探索辐照条件下Ni与Si元素的相互作用对RPV合金中团簇形成演变的影响.方法 对PRV合金的三元模型合金Fe-Ni-Si做离子辐照实验,并采用原子探针技术对团簇进行分析,采用纳米压痕技术进行硬度分析.结果 纳米压痕的结果表明,材料的硬度随辐照剂量的升高而增大.原子探针结果表明,辐照后材料中产生了Ni-Si溶质团簇...     

Adsorption of phosphate ions from water using a novel cellulose-based adsorbent

A novel cellulose-based adsorbent, iron(III)-coordinated amino-functionalised poly(glycidylmethacrylate)-grafted cellulose [Fe(III)–AM-PGMACell] was developed for the removal of phosphate from water and wastewater. The scanning electron micrograph showed that AM-PGMACell has a rougher surface than cellulose and the adsorption of Fe(III) on AM-PGMACell made the surface even rougher. Infrared spectroscopy revealed that amino groups on the surface of AM-PGMACell complexed with Fe(III) played an important role in the removal of phosphate from solutions. X-Ray diffraction patterns showed a decrease in crystallinity after graft copolymerisation onto cellulose. The effects of contact time, initial sorbate concentration, pH, agitation speed, dose of adsorbent and temperature on the removal process were investigated. Maximum removal of 99.1% was observed for an initial concentration of 25 mg·L ^?1 at pH 6.0 and an adsorbent dose of 2.0 g·L ^?1. A two-step pseudo-first-order kinetic model and Sips isotherm model represented the measured data very well. Complete removal of 11.6 mg·L ^?1 phosphate from fertiliser industry wastewater was achieved by 1.6 g·L ^?1 Fe(III)–AM-PGMACell. The adsorbent exhibited very high reusability for several cycles. Overall, the study demonstrated that Fe(III)–AM-PGMACell can be used as an efficient adsorbent for the removal and recovery of phosphate from water and wastewater.     

Statistical modeling of radiolytic (60Co g) degradation of Ofloxacin,antibiotic: Synergetic effect,kinetic studies & assessment of its degraded metabolites

Linear, interactive and quadratic effects of process parameters were studied. Degradation of Ofloxacin (Ofx) was related with G value of irradiation process. The synergistic effect of H₂O₂ on lower dose of g-irradiation was established. The process follows pseudo first order with dose constant (d = 0.232 kGy^–1). The impact of human activities in the past few decades has paved the way for the release of pollutants due to the improper effluent treatment. Recent studies revealed that, Ofloxacin, an antibiotic as one of the major pollutant affecting surface water and ground water. In this study, the radiolytic potential of Ofloxacin was investigated. The effects of pH, dose and concentration of Ofloxacin were analyzed using One Factor At a Time (OFAT) and the interactive effects between the parameters were studied using Face Centered Central Composite Design. The statistically optimised developed model shows 30% degradation at initial antibiotic concentration of 1mM at pH 3.0 and at 2 kGy dose of gamma ray. The process efficiency was evaluated in terms of G value and its correlation with the concentration of antibiotic was also established. The process of degradation was augmented by the addition of H₂O₂ (1.5 mM). The reaction kinetics for the process was evaluated, the dose rate constant and the rate of degradation for the augmented process was found to be 0.232 kGy^-1 and 0.232 mM/kGy, respectively. The degraded metabolites of the radiolytic degradation of Ofloxacin were analyzed through change in pH, reduction in TOC and GC-MS spectrum.