Identification of polyenic hydrocarbons from the northern winter moth, Operophtera fagata, and development of a species specific lure for pheromone traps

Summary. In order to elucidate the composition of the female sex pheromone of the northern (beech) winter moth, Operophtera fagata Scharf. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), ovipositor extracts of unmated, calling females were analysed by gas chromatography with simultaneous electroantennographic and flame ionization detection (GC-EAD/FID). Male antennal responses indicated three active components, two of which had distinct matching peaks in the FID trace. Using coupled gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS), these two compounds were identified as (9Z)-nonadecene (9Z-19:Hy), and (6Z,9Z)-nonadecadiene (6Z9Z-19:Hy), respectively. The third component, present in very small amounts only, was identified as (1,3Z,6Z,9Z)-nonadecatetraene (1,3Z6Z9Z-19:Hy), known as the sex pheromone of the common winter moth, O. brumata. Field tests revealed that traps baited with 6Z9Z-19:Hy and 1,3Z6Z9Z-19:Hy caugth large numbers of male O. fagata. Both compounds were found to be essential for attraction of O. fagata. In addition, the diene prevented captures of co-occurring O. brumata. In contrast, 9Z-19:Hy neither influenced the attractiveness of the two-component mixture towards O. fagata nor contributed to bait specificity. A binary mixture of 6Z9Z-19:Hy and 1,3Z6Z9Z-19:Hy in a ratio of 10:1, applied to pieces of rubber tubing, constituted a highly attractive and species-specific bait for O. fagata, which can be used for monitoring of the flight of this defoliator pest of deciduous forests.     

水体中氧化铁鞘细菌的分离鉴定及保藏

采用试管静止富集培养及生态模拟富集培养，结合平板划线、稀释涂布、平板滴加法，成功地从150份水样中分离到94株鞘细菌．利用Winogradsky液体试管法进行产铁氧化酶鞘细菌的快速初筛，从中筛选出24株产铁氧化酶能力较高的菌株，再经摇瓶复筛，获得产酶活性最高的菌株FC9901．采用多相鉴定方法对菌株FC9901细胞形态、培养特征、生理生化反应及各种碳源利用情况进行了研究，根据《伯杰氏细菌鉴定手册》第9版，把该菌株鉴定为第十四群鞘细菌类(sheathed bacteria)球衣菌属(Sphaerotilus)浮游球衣菌(Sphaerotilus natans)．对鞘细菌几种保藏方法进行比较研究，结果表明蒸馏水保藏法保藏时间长，是一种经济简便有效的保藏方法．图3表7参9     

Temporal reproductive isolation and gametic compatibility are evolutionary mechanisms in the<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Acropora humilis</Emphasis> species group (Cnidaria; Scleractinia)

Patterns of interbreeding between individuals are fundamental to the structure and maintenance of evolutionary boundaries between species. In corals, both hybridisation and reproductive isolation appear to be important evolutionary mechanisms. In this study, I examine evolutionary boundaries using morphological, molecular and reproductive criteria within the Acropora humilis species group at Lizard Island on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Five species and seven morphs are recognised on the basis of morphological appearance of features traditionally used to identify corals of the genus Acropora. In a molecular phylogenetic analysis, I examine relationships for the mitochondrial DNAs putative control region, using maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood methods. The reproductive criteria explore whether species and morphs are reproductively isolated on the basis of temporal or fertilisation barriers. Timing of gamete maturity is surveyed for each species and morph, from the month prior to and 3 months after the mass spawning. Time of spawning is documented at the levels of night and hour of spawning, and time taken for egg-sperm bundles to separate. Laboratory fertilisation experiments tested the potential of species and morphs to interbreed. High levels of intraspecific and extremely low or zero fertilisation levels between the five species indicated that they are valid species. Based on the combined assessment of morphological, molecular and reproductive criteria, A. humilis and A. gemmifera appear to be the most closely related species, which are most closely related to the remaining species in the following order: A. samoensis, A. monticulosa and A. digitifera. Evidence derived from one or more of these criteria suggest that the morphs (1) are at various stages of divergence from the species with which they share morphological characters, and (2) may indicate possible zones of speciation and hybridisation. Identification of morphs avoided the possibility of taxonomic error and was essential for accurate interpretation of evolutionary boundaries. Confirmation of morphology as an informative character of evolutionary boundaries is of great significance because most coral research projects rely on morphology as the primary tool for identification of species.Communicated by M.S. Johnson, Crawley     

川牛膝多糖的分离、纯化及单糖组成

采用水提醇沉法提取川牛膝多糖粗品CPC，经685弱碱阴离子交换柱层析和Bio—Gel P2凝胶柱层析进一步纯化，得到川牛膝多糖RCP(xefined Cyathula officinalis Kuan polysaccharide)．紫外扫描、高效液相色谱、聚丙烯酰胺盘状凝胶电泳证明RCP为均一组分．质谱图显示RCP的分子量(从)主要分布在1000-2200．薄层正交试验确定了RCP完全水解的最优条件．薄层层析及高效液相色谱—蒸发光散射检测(HPLC—ELSD)技术揭示，RCP单糖组成为D-果糖和D-葡萄糖．图11表2参18     

Infrared spectroscopic probing of dimethylamine clusters in an Ar matrix

Amines have many atmospheric sources and their clusters play an important role in aerosol nucleation processes. Clusters of a typical amine, dimethylamine (DMA), of different sizes were measured with matrix isolation IR (infrared) and NIR (near infrared) spectroscopy. The NIR vibrations are more separated and therefore it is easier to distinguish different sizes of clusters in this region. The DMA clusters, up to DMA tetramer, have been optimized using density functional methods, and the geometries, binding energies and thermodynamic properties of DMA clusters were obtained. The computed frequencies and intensities of NH-stretching vibrations in the DMA clusters were used to interpret the experimental spectra. We have identified the fundamental transitions of the bonded NH-stretching vibration and the first overtone transitions of the bonded and free NH-stretching vibration in the DMA clusters. Based on the changes in vibrational intensities during the annealing processes, the growth of clusters was clearly observed. The results of annealing processes indicate that DMA molecules tend to form larger clusters with lower energies under matrix temperatures, which is also supported by the calculated reaction energies of cluster formation.     

土建结构振动控制研究进展

介绍了结构控制研究的任务、主要的减振装置、结构的主动控制和被动控制、结构的开环和闭环控制及其相应的算法;对土建结构控制研究的进展进行了综述,并列举了土建结构振动控制的工程应用实例;对土建结构控制研究的内容、研究方法和研究队伍等提出了建议。     

甲胺磷降解菌的分离与降解特性研究

从长期受甲胺磷农药污染的土壤中采集土样,经过富集培养,稀释倒平板后划线分离得到3个菌株,分别编号为J-1,J-2,J-3菌株。将分离到的3个菌株接种到富集培养基中培养后,利用钼锑抗分光光度法测定磷含量变化,明显可以看出J-3菌株具有较高的降解能力,因此选择J-3菌株作为下一步研究的对象。经形态学和生理生化指标初步鉴定J-3菌株为假单胞菌。J-3菌株能在没有外加碳氮源的情况下以甲胺磷作为唯一的碳源和氮源生长。另外,确定J-3菌株降解甲胺磷的最适温度为37℃,最适pH为7.0,外加碳氮源分别为葡萄糖和蛋白胨,最适装液量和接种量分别为100,250mL和8%等降解特性。     

一株嗜酸硫氧化细菌的分离鉴定及生长特性

从北京清河污泥中分离出一株硫氧化细菌,命名为QH-1,并对该菌株进行了分离鉴定.同时,初步研究了该菌株对几种重金属离子的耐受能力.结果发现,该菌株为革兰氏阴性,短杆状,需氧型,可从氧化还原态的硫元素中获得能量.QH-1菌株具有很好的产酸和耐酸能力,培养24h后pH即可下降到2.0,1周内可达到1.0以下,对数生长期为15d,进入稳定期时pH降为0.6.QH-1菌株的16S rRNA基因测序与分析表明,该菌株与Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans strain AAU具有99%以上的16S rRNA基因序列相似性.通过构建该菌株在相关种属中的系统发育树,并结合形态与生理生化特征分析,将QH-1菌株鉴定为氧化硫嗜酸硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans).QH-1菌株对Zn2+和Cu2+有一定的耐受性,对Mo2+的耐受性较差.     

脂肽类生物表面活性剂产生菌的分离及特性研究

从石油污染土壤中分离筛选获得一株产生生物表面活性剂菌株Y8A,经生理生化实验、16S rDNA序列分析等将其鉴定为芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus sp.）.Y8A能在22h内将发酵液的表面张力从68.3mN·m-1降到23.5 mN·m-1.经TLC和傅立叶红外光谱分析, 菌株Y8A产生的生物表面活性剂为脂肽类.20mg·L-1 Ca2+和Fe2+能显著促进其生长和表面活性剂的产生;菌株Y8A在20～30℃,pH 5～12范围内产生表面活性剂的能力较强;LB培养基中添加1%乳糖对生长的影响不大,但能够明显促进Y8A产生生物表面活性剂,而葡萄糖、蔗糖抑制表面活性剂的产生.Y8A能够促进石油降解菌Y1D和F11对石油的降解和功夫菊酯降解菌ZZH对功夫菊酯的生物降解.     

基于剪切增稠液体的变阻尼隔振器动力学特性研究

目的研究一种具有变阻尼特性的剪切增稠液体(STF)隔振器。方法首先采用二氧化硅纳米颗粒和聚乙二醇200为工作介质合成剪切增稠液体,通过试验研究剪切增稠液体的流变特性。之后以剪切增稠液体为工作介质,设计一种活塞液压式减振增稠液体隔振器,建立隔振器的动力学模型,并通过数值仿真研究了该隔振器的减振性能;最后,研究剪切增稠液体隔振器隔振性能影响因素。结果当远离共振频率时,隔振器具有小阻尼特性;在共振区附近,由于剪切增稠效应,隔振器阻尼骤然增加,实现对共振峰的有效抑制。结论剪切增稠液隔振器可有效抑制共振峰,同时不会对高频隔振性能产生不利影响,有效解决了传统隔振器线性阻尼的固有缺点。