催化臭氧氧化去除垃圾渗滤液中难降解有机物的研究

研究了Fe(Ⅱ),Mn(Ⅱ),Cu(Ⅱ)作用下,均相催化臭氧氧化去除垃圾渗滤液中高浓度的腐殖质.分析催化剂用量、溶液pH值对腐殖质催化臭氧氧化降解的影响.结果表明,与单纯臭氧氧化比较,催化臭氧氧化对UV254和色度去除率无明显改善,但可明显提高以TOC和CODCr表征的有机物去除率;当投加催化剂过量时,以TOC和CODCr表征的有机物去除率虽降低,但仍有促进作用.但Fe2 的过量投加将明显抑制UV254和色度的去除效果.在碱性条件下,催化臭氧氧化法具有更好的去除效果.三种催化剂催化效果为Cu(Ⅱ)＞Mn(Ⅱ)＞Fe(Ⅱ).采用Cu(Ⅱ)催化臭氧氧化处理实际渗滤液生化处理出水,对CODCr,色度和UV254都显示出较好的去除效果.     

化学沉淀法去除垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的试验研究

采用MgCl2·6H2O和Na2HPO4·12H2O或MgSO4和Na2HPO4·12H2O使NH3-N生成磷酸铵镁的化学沉淀法,考察了pH值,反应时间,药剂选用,药剂配比以及分步沉淀工艺等对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮去除率的影响.结果表明:在pH值为9.0,反应时间为25min,采用分步沉淀工艺,当药剂配比为:n(N):n(Mg):n(P)=1.5:1:1.5时,垃圾渗滤液中NH3-N, 沉淀降低到28.54 mg·l-1,去除率达98.10%.     

干式还原法处理铬渣的机理及应用

采用干式还原法处理铬渣。在多级还原焙烧炉中于高温条件下,将过量的煤粉和铬渣混合后与O₂反应,经冷却、擦磨、磁分离后可得到铁精砂和处理后铬渣。介绍了干式还原法处理铬渣的机理和工艺参数。以3种铬渣试样进行应用试验,经多级还原焙烧—磁分离后,铬渣中的Cr（Ⅵ）质量浓度为0.05~0.18 mg/L,低于HJ/T301—2007标准中的要求（0.50 mg/L）,可作为建材原料加以利用。磁分离得到的铁精砂产品中铁的质量分数大于50%,铁回收率大于70%。目前设计的多级还原焙烧炉单炉处理铬渣能力为150 kt/a,标煤消耗为35 kg/t,处理成本约为60元/t。     

Leachate Characterization and Assessment of Groundwater Pollution Near Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Site

Leachate and groundwater samples were collected from Gazipur landfill-site and its adjacent area to study the possible impact of leachate percolation on groundwater quality. Concentration of various physico-chemical parameters including heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn) and microbiological parameters (total coliform (TC) and faecal coliform (FC)) were determined in groundwater and leachate samples. The moderately high concentrations of Cl⁻, NO⁻ ₃, SO²⁻ ₄, NH⁺ ₄, Phenol, Fe, Zn and COD in groundwater, likely indicate that groundwater quality is being significantly affected by leachate percolation. Further they proved to be as tracers for groundwater contamination. The effect of depth and distance of the well from the pollution source was also investigated. The presence of TC and FC in groundwater warns for the groundwater quality and thus renders the associated aquifer unreliable for domestic water supply and other uses. Although some remedial measures are suggested to reduce further groundwater contamination via leachate percolation, the present study demand for the proper management of waste in Delhi.     

Metals and metalloid bioconcentrations in the tissues of Typha latifolia grown in the four interconnected ponds of a domestic landfill site

The uptake of metals in roots and their transfer to rhizomes and above-ground plant parts (stems, leaves) of cattails (Typha latifolia L.) were studied in leachates from a domestic landfill site (Etueffont, France) and treated in a natural lagooning system. Plant parts and corresponding water and sediment samples were taken at the inflow and outflow points of the four ponds at the beginning and at the end of the growing season. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn in the different compartments were estimated and their removal efficiency assessed, reaching more than 90% for Fe, Mn and Ni in spring and fall as well in the water compartment. The above- and below-ground cattail biomass varied from 0.21 to 0.85, and 0.34 to 1.24 kg dry weight/m², respectively, the highest values being recorded in the fourth pond in spring 2011. The root system was the first site of accumulation before the rhizome, stem and leaves. The highest metal concentration was observed in roots from cattails growing at the inflow of the system''s first pond. The trend in the average trace element concentrations in the cattail plant organs can generally be expressed as: Fe > Mn > As > Zn > Cr > Cu > Ni > Cd for both spring and fall. While T. latifolia removes trace elements efficiently from landfill leachates, attention should also be paid to the negative effects of these elements on plant growth.     

臭氧强化光催化对垃圾渗滤液的深度处理

用臭氧强化光催化工艺对垃圾渗滤液进行了深度处理,优化了工艺参数,对比了最佳工艺条件下各时间段的出水指标.该工艺在催化剂投加量0.5 g/L,pH值8.45左右,O3流量0.4 L/min,O3浓度16.8 mg/L,初始COD浓度430 mg/L时最佳,COD和UV254的去除率均在60%以上;最佳工艺条件下1.0 h出水的BOD5提高了75.42%,2.0 h出水BOD5/COD从初始的0.05升高至0.23.结果表明,臭氧强化光催化工艺不仅可以提高处理能力,还有效地改善了出水的可生化性.     

Applicability of grid-net detection system for landfill leachate and diesel fuel release in the subsurface

The grid-net system estimating the electrical conductivity changes was evaluated as a potential detection system for the leakage of diesel fuel and landfill leachate. Aspects of electrical conductivity changes were varied upon the type of contaminant. The electrical conductivity in the homogeneous mixtures of soil and landfill leachate linearly increased with the ionic concentration of pore fluid, which became more significant at higher volumetric water contents. However, the electrical conductivity in soil/diesel fuel mixture decreased with diesel fuel content and it was more significant at lower water contents. The electrode spacing should be determined by considering the type of contaminant to enhance the electrode sensitivity especially when two-electrode sensors are to be used. The electrode sensitivity for landfill leachate was constantly maintained regardless of the electrode spacings while that for the diesel fuel significantly increased at smaller electrode spacings. This is possibly due to the fact that the insulating barrier effect of the diesel fuel in non-aqueous phase was less predominant at large electrode spacing because electrical current can form the round-about paths over the volume with relatively small diesel fuel content. The model test results showed that the grid-net detection system can be used to monitor the leakage from waste landfill and underground storage tank sites. However, for a successful application of the detection system in the field, data under various field conditions should be accumulated.     

臭氧氧化法处理反渗透浓缩垃圾渗滤液

采用臭氧氧化法处理经反渗透膜处理后的浓缩垃圾渗滤液,考察了反应时间、臭氧投量、pH和温度对COD,色度以及浓缩液中腐殖酸的去除影响,通过BOD₅/COD变化分析了臭氧氧化对浓缩液生化性的提高作用。结果表明：在pH 8.0,温度30℃,臭氧投量5 g/h,反应时间90 min的条件下,浓缩液的COD、色度以及浓缩液中腐殖酸的去除率分别达到67.6%、98.0%和86.1%, BOD₅/COD从0.008提升到0.26,生化性有很大提高。     

纳米零价铁颗粒去除污染土壤HCl浸提液中的Pb

主要研究了纳米零价铁颗粒对土壤HCl浸提液中重金属Pb的去除效果。通过批实验探讨HCl浓度、纳米零价铁投入量以及处理时间对Pb去除率的影响。实验结果表明,纳米零价铁颗粒对浸提液中Pb的去除反应符合langmuir和freundlich等温吸附方程;反应遵循准一级反应动力学方程,标准化后的反应速率常数KSA=0.018 mL/(m2·min);反应30 min时,0.5 g纳米零价铁对1.0 mol/L的HCl所提取Pb（51.7 mg/L）的去除率达到91.8%。研究结果表明,纳米零价铁对土壤HCl浸提液中Pb具有良好去除效果,但相对于处理水溶液中的Pb,反应速率偏低。     

絮凝法处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液的研究

用无机低分子絮凝剂硫酸铁和无机高分子絮凝剂聚合硫酸铁和聚硅硫酸铁处理厌氧好氧后的垃圾渗滤液,并通过急性毒性检测试验研究絮凝处理前后垃圾渗滤液对植物种子萌发的影响。研究结果表明,浓度为10 mmol/L,pH值为8的聚合硫酸铁对垃圾渗滤液的色度、COD有较好的去除效果,色度和COD的去除率分别达到93.1%和61.4%。通过毒性检测证明,聚合硫酸铁絮凝处理后的垃圾渗滤液几乎没有毒性,对植物的正常生长没有影响。