焦化废水生物脱氮半生产性试验启动研究

通过试验研究,探索了焦化废水生物脱氮半生产性启动条件,指出了顺利启动的关键技术是适宜的接种污泥及必须提供的环境条件。     

Occurrence and migration of microplastics and plasticizers in different wastewater and sludge treatment units in municipal wastewater treatment plant

● Reduce the quantifying MPs time by using Nile red staining. ● The removal rate of MPs and PAEs in wastewater and sludge were investigated. ● MPs and PAEs were firstly analyzed during thermal hydrolysis treatment. ● The removal of PAEs from wastewater and sludge was mainly biodegradation. Microplastics (MPs) and plasticizers, such as phthalate esters (PAEs), were frequently detected in municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTP). Previous research mainly studied the removal of MPs and PAEs in wastewater. However, the occurrence of MPs and PAEs in the sludge was generally ignored. To comprehensively investigate the occurrence and the migration behaviors of MPs and PAEs in MWTP, a series of representative parameters including the number, size, color, shape of MPs, and the concentrations of PAEs in wastewater and sludge were systematically investigated. In this study, the concentrations of MPs in the influent and effluent were 15.46±0.37 and 0.30±0.14 particles/L. The MP removal efficiency of 98.1% was achieved and about 73.8% of MPs were accumulated in the sludge in the MWTP. The numbers of MPs in the sludge before and after digestion were 4.40±0.14 and 0.31±0.01 particles/g (dry sludge), respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) analysis showed that the main types of MPs were polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polystyrene (PS). Six PAEs, including phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), ortho dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), and bis(2-ethyl) hexyl phthalate (DEHP), were detected in the MWTP. The concentrations of total PAEs (ΣPAEs) in the influent and effluent were 76.66 and 6.28 µg/L, respectively. The concentrations of ΣPAEs in the sludge before and after digestion were 152.64 and 31.70 µg/g, respectively. In the process of thermal hydrolysis, the number and size of MPs decreased accompanied by the increase of the plasticizer concentration.     

碳氮磷比例失调城市污水的同步脱氮除磷

为解决现行同步脱氮除磷工艺处理南方地区碳、氮、磷比例失调城市污水中,因C/N、C/P偏低,碳源不足而降低脱氮除磷效率的难题,试验以碳源偏低的广州市城市污水为研究对象,采用厌氧/好氧交替运行的SBR系统,通过对厌氧、好氧时段的合理调控,在无需额外添加碳源的条件下,有机物、氨氮、总氮和总磷的平均去除率分别可达90%、72%、41%和99%,不仅能使有机物和氮的出水指标达到国家排放标准,而且总磷出水浓度能达0.5 mg/L以下。通过进一步分析同步高效脱氮除磷的影响因素和控制条件,得出合理污泥龄的控制是实现同步脱氮除磷的关键,厌氧/好氧交替运行的方式不仅强化了磷的释放和吸收,而且降低了碳源偏低和硝酸盐对同步脱氮除磷影响的结论。     

中国工业废水治理效率评价

基于投入产出的思想,应用DEA模型对2008年中国工业废水治理效率进行静态评价,得出各地区当前工业废水治理效率.用Malmquist指数对中国2003-2008年工业废水治理效率进行动态评价,分别得出近几年中国工业废水治理的名义全要素生产率和实际全要素生产率.结果表明,中国工业废水平均治理效率仅为0.630,2008年达到DEA有效的地区仅占16.7％,几乎所有地区都处在规模收益递减;2003-2008年间的中国工业废水治理名义T下P为0.922,实际TFP为0.943,即分别在此期间平均每年下降7.8％和5.7％,造成逐年下降的主要原因是技术的落后.     

A／O工艺处理石油化工废水试验研究

本文介绍了采用Ａ／Ｏ新工艺组合处理高浓度的炼油、化工混合废水中试情况，试验结果表明；Ａ／Ｏ新工艺组合具有抗冲击性能好，产泥量少，在一定条件下，出水各项指标达标排放，还就填料选择、含氮化合物的消化反应、污泥生物相和各池工艺参数相互关系进行了讨论。     

加压上流式好氧污泥床(PUASB)法处理制药废水初探

在进水ＣＯＤ为５００－６００ｍｇ／Ｌ、压力ｐ＝０．２ＭＰａ、回／流比Ｒ＝６条件下,加压上流式好氧泥泥床平均ＣＯＤ去除率为７１％,出水基本达到国家排放标准;进水ＣＯＤ为１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ以上,在ｐ＝０．３ＭＰａ、Ｒ＝６条件下,ＣＯＤ去除率仍可达到７０％左右。     

电场作用对不同藻菌体系处理猪场废水的强化机制研究

为解决猪场废水高色、高浊、高盐的水质特征对藻菌微生物体系处理效果的限制作用,采用电场处理与多种不同微藻/细菌(活性污泥)微生物体系处理相结合,考察了电场对微生物处理猪场废水的效果和生长状况的影响和作用机制.同时,通过对比微藻、微藻-活性污泥、活性污泥3种微生物体系对经电场处理养猪沼液中污染物去除效果及微生物生长情况,考察了电场处理对微生物处理效果的影响和作用.结果表明：电场对养猪沼液色度和浊度均有较好的去除效果,去除率分别为90.43%、99.69%;电场处理后的沼液再进行微生物处理可取得更优的处理效果,微生物对总氮和总磷的去除率最高分别为70.65%、67.30%.此外,微藻-活性污泥共生体系在污染物去除效果和生长状况方面均优于单一微生物体系.微藻-活性污泥体系最终叶绿素a含量为接种时的7.65倍,活性污泥生物量为接种时的1.51倍,远高于单一微生物体系.说明电场处理与微藻-活性污泥生物处理相结合,可以有效提高污染物去除效果,同时获得更多有价的生物质资源,实现更为可观的经济价值,具有广阔的应用潜力和发展前景.     

制革废水的治理

介绍了采用调节—混凝沉淀—生物接触氧化工艺处理制革生产废水工程的设计调试运行结果。从运行效果看该工程因地制宜，投资省，运行费用低，处理效果好，出水可达到排放标准。     

甲胺磷农药废水生化处理高效菌选育的研究

从用甲胺磷农药废水长期驯化的活污泥中，筛选得到两株降解甲胺磷农药废水中有机磷的高效菌，经鉴定一株为蜡样芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｃｅｒｅｕｓ）。另一株为嗜中温假单胞菌（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｍｅｓｏｐｈｉｌｉｃａ）。确定了上述高效菌的最适生长条件和降解有机磷的能力，混合高效菌的有机磷去除率达９９．７％。