加速溶剂萃取技术及其在环境分析中的应用

加速溶剂萃取技术是一项新颖的样品前处理技术，通过升高温度与压力结合使用有机溶剂，可快速，有效地由基体中萃取各种欲测物。本文系统地阐述了该技术的基本原理，各种影响因子及其在环境分析中的应用。该法适用于固体和半固体样品的前处理。     

印钞行业废水中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物残留分析

建立了以HLB固相萃取柱和反相液相色谱法测定水体中8种邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素的方法,同时对印钞行业废水中邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素进行了测定,检出邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)一种邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素。使用标准保留时间定性及实际水样加标定性两种定性方法,对实验结果进行了质量控制。结果表明,这两种定性方法所得结论完全一致,证明数据准确可信。     

回流萃取法提取水中有机物

通过对水中壬基酚及其聚氧乙烯醚等的提取试验，发现回流萃取是提取水中半挥发性有机物的一种很有效的方法。对提取剂进行了选择，表明环己烷效果较好，具有较好的回收率和较好的重现性。为保证高沸点壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚加合物的回收率在95％以上，取90min作为回流萃取时间。最后对回流萃取法的优点作了较详细的阐述。     

Levels and speciation of heavy metals in soils of industrial Southern Nigeria

A knowledge of the total content of trace metals is not enoughto fully assess the environmental impact of polluted soils. Forthis reason, the determination of metal species in solution isimportant to evaluate their behaviour in the environment andtheir mobilization capacity. Sequential extraction procedure wasused to speciate five heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn) fromfour contaminated soils of Southern Nigeria into sixoperationally defined geochemical species: water soluble,enchangeable, carbonates, Fe-Mn oxide, organic and residual.Metal recoveries were within ± 10% of the independentlydetermined total Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn concentrations. The highest amount of Cd (avg. 30%) in the nonresidual fractionswas found in the exchangeable fraction, while Cu and Zn weresignificantly associated with the organic fraction. Thecarbonate fraction contained on average 14, 18.6, 12.6, 13 and11% and the residual fraction contained on average 47, 18, 33,50 and 25% of Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn respectively. Assuming thatmobility and bioavailability of these metals are related to thesolubility of the geochemical form of the metals, and that theydecrease in the order of extraction sequence, the apparentmobility and potential bioavailability for these five metals inthe soil were: Pb > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cd. The mobility indexes ofcopper and nickel correlated positively and significantly withthe total content of metals, while mobility indexes of cadmiumand zinc correlated negatively and significantly with the totalcontent of metals.     

加压流体萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定土壤和沉积物中27种拟除虫菊酯类农药

建立了加压流体萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定土壤和沉积物中27种拟除虫菊酯类农药的方法。以丙酮/正己烷(V∶V=1∶1)为萃取溶剂,在120℃和10. 3 MPa条件下静态萃取7 min,循环3次,石墨化炭黑串接氨丙基键合硅胶固相萃取柱净化,HP-5MS UI色谱柱分离,优化了提取和分析过程的重要条件。方法检出限为0. 001~0. 012 mg/kg,土壤中低、高浓度的加标回收率范围分别为68. 3%~123%和75. 3%~115%,沉积物中低、高浓度的加标回收率范围分别为67. 1%~120%和78. 6%~110%,单一目标物的相对标准偏差(RSD)均<20%(n=6)。实验结果表明,该方法消耗溶剂少、效率高、检出限低、精密度和准确度好,适用于土壤和沉积物中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的测定。     

润滑油精制白土渣处理技术研究

介绍了一种回收白土渣中润滑油的新技术－溶剂抽提技术。通过对润滑油回收量的综合比较，确立了实验所用的抽提溶剂及处理工艺的操作条件。结果表明：用石脑油馏分（60℃－90℃）作抽提溶剂，最佳溶剂与白土渣投量比为1：1，抽提次数为2，温度为室温，搅拌时间为15min且回流液中润滑油质量百分比为5％情况下，润滑油回收率为92％左右，并且可形成稳定的循环模式。     

离子交换法从兔肉中提取ATP无汞害新工艺

总结了用离子交换法从兔肉中生产ＡＴＰ无汞害新工艺以取代汞盐法从兔肌生产ＡＴＰ的老工艺，经试验及生产应用证明，新工艺成功地消除汞害和硫化氢的环境污染，提高原料的利用率和产品得率，降低生产成本和改善工人的劳动条件。     

凌钢52 m2烧结机混料系统除尘设计

对58m^2烧结机混料系统原除尘状况进行了详细分析，对新建52m^2烧结机混料系统通风除尘设备选型、设计方案及效果进行了详尽的阐述。     

Optimization of enrichment processes of pentachlorophenol (PCP) from water samples

The method of enriching PCP( pentachlorophenol ) from aquatic environment by solid phase extraction (SPE) was studied.Several factors affecting the recoveries of PCP, including sample pH, eluting solvent, eluting volume and flow rate of water sample, were optimized by orthogonal array design(OAD). The optimized results were sample pH 4; eluting solvent, 100% methanol; eluting solvent volume, 2 ml and flow rate of water sample, 4 ml/min. A comparison is made between SPE and liquid-liquid extraction(LLE) method. The recoveries of PCP were in the range of 87.6%-133.6% and 79%-120.3% for SPE and LLE, respectively. Important advantages of the SPE compared with the LLE include the short extraction time and reduced consumption of organic solvents. SPE can replace LLE for isolating and concentrating PCP from water samples.     

基于Web文本的灾害信息挖掘研究进展

Web文本中蕴含着丰富的以自然语言描述的非结构灾害信息和知识。基于Web文本自动提取和构造结构化、综合性灾害信息,是灾害信息领域研究的前沿问题。目前国内外利用Web文本挖掘技术在灾时与灾后的应急响应与救援,灾害的早期预警和风险分析方面进行示范应用;同时在文本灾害信息的语义理解与抽取、文本灾害信息的时空匹配、以及文本灾害信息的不确定性和可靠性评价等关键技术领域迅速展开研究。我国应加强以Web文本为信息源的中文灾害信息挖掘关键技术、软件,以及管理体系的研究,以有效弥补灾害研究与管理过程中灾害数据共享困难,以及可利用的动态实时、综合性灾害数据缺乏的薄弱环节,提升灾害信息服务水平。