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691.
Dissolved organic matter in pore water of freshwater sediments: effects of separation procedure on quantity, quality and functionality 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Pore water was separated either with or without water extraction prior to centrifugation (7600 or 20 000 × g) in order to investigate the effects of separation procedure on the amount and properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM i.e. the material passing through a 0.45-μm filter) in three freshwater sediments. On the basis of solubility in alkaline, organic matter was concluded to compose of humic substances in two (S1 and S3) and of humin (S2) in one of the sediments. DOM in the samples was quantified by total organic carbon measurement. Specific UV-absorption (SUVA) and high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) analyses were used to characterize DOM. Sorption of pyrene was used as a measure for functionality of DOM. Both water extraction and centrifugation speed were shown to affect the properties of DOM; however, the effects were sediment dependent. Water extraction increased the amount of DOM separated from the two sediments that had humic character (S1 and S3). In most cases water extraction increased SUVA and shifted the molecular size distribution of DOM towards larger sizes. The separation procedure had also an effect on the functionality of DOM. In water extracted samples of S2 and S3 the sorption of pyrene was higher than in the corresponding samples separated without water extraction, whereas in S1 similar effect was not found. Generally, centrifugation speed had smaller effects on the properties of DOM than water extraction. The fact that the effects of separation procedure on DOM depend on the sediment characteristics complicates the comparison between samples and evaluation of functionality in field conditions. 相似文献
692.
用HL离心萃取器处理含对硝基酚废水的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
溶剂萃取法是目前回收处理含高浓度对硝基酚废水的有效方法。选用QH-1为萃取剂,采用HL离心萃取器对含对硝基酚废水的处理进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,对于对硝基酚硝酸溶液-QH-1体系,对硝基酚的分配比是1103.4,用Φ20mmHL离心萃取器处理对硝基酚废水时,在合适的操作条件下,单级传质级效率E和三级串联萃取率ρ都可达99%以上,三级串联的反萃率也可达98%以上。 相似文献
693.
694.
超声波萃取—GC/MS测定大气颗粒物中的多环芳烃 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
魏恩棋 《城市环境与城市生态》2002,15(4):44-45
采用超声波萃取大气颗粒物样品中的多环芳烃,样品不须纯化,直接可用于GC/MS分析,超声波萃取效率高,萃取时间短;采用MS的SIM方式对多环芳烃进行定性定量,回收率84.5%-108.5%,变异系数3.1%-14.5%。 相似文献
695.
696.
新型固相萃取器用于污染水样中痕量杀虫剂的浓缩及热解吸气相色谱-质谱分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
WANGLi-Li HOSAKAAkihiko WATANABEChuichi 《环境化学》2003,22(3):267-270
1 IntroductionSolid phasemicro extraction (SPME)asasimpleandrapidextractiontechniqueiswidelyusedinvariousareasforextractingdiluteanalytesfromliquid ,gaseousandsolidsamplesbecauseofitshighextractionefficiency[1 ].Recently ,astirbarsorptiveextraction (SBSE… 相似文献
697.
石油化工和化纤工业中大量使用钴,锰催化剂,应及时从各种废液中回收、再生,本文在25±1℃下研究了D_2EHPA-煤油从硫酸盐介质中萃取分离钴(Ⅱ)、锰(Ⅱ)的工艺,考察了萃取剂浓度、平衡pH值、相比对萃取的影响,求取了较适宜的工艺条件,利用五级逆流萃取模拟试验将钴、锰浓度比从1:1.5提高到1000:1,加入洗涤段后,又可获得金属含量比为1000的纯锰溶液,初步探索了用先进的液膜萃取新技术从溶液中分别富集、分离钴(Ⅱ)、锰(Ⅱ)的方法,找出了体系pH值对液膜萃取的影响,提出了从PTA氧化母液中回收废催化剂,萃取分离钴、锰,再生制备醋酸钴、醋酸锰和其他含钴、锰精细化工产品的工艺。 相似文献
698.
Changes of Cu, Zn, and Ni chemical speciation in sewage sludge co-composted
with sodium sulfide and lime 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
A batch composting study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of co-composting sewage sludge with sodium sulfide and lime (SSL) mixture (Na2S/CaO= 1:1), aiming at reducing the availability of heavy metals in the sludge compost. Sewage sludge with sawdust as a bulking agent was amended with SSL at 3% (w/w, dw), and composted for 15 d in laboratory batch reactors. The four stages of the Tessier sequential extraction method was employed to investigate changes in heavy metal fractions of Cu, Zn, and Ni in sewage sludge composted with SSL. For all the three metals, the mobile fractions, such as, exchangeable and carbonate bound were mainly transformed into low availability fractions (organic matter and sulfide, Fe-Mn oxides bound and residual forms), and the addition of SSL enhanced this transformation. Therefore, SSL is a suitable material to co-compost with sewage sludge to reduce the availability of heavy metals. According to the cabbage seed germination test, a SSL amendment of ≤3% (w/w, dw) is recommended to co-compost with sewage sludge. 相似文献
699.
Laboratory batch experiments were conducted to study arsenic (As) removal from a naturally contaminated soil using phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KHEPO4). Both H3PO4 and KHEPO4 proved to reduce toxicity of the soil in terms of soil As content, attaining more than 20% As removal at a concentration of 200 mmol/L. At the same time, acidification of soil and dissolution of soil components (Ca, Mg, and Si) resulted from using these two extractants, especially H3PO4. The effectiveness of these two extractants could be attributed to the replacement of As by phosphate ions (PO4^3-). The function of H3PO4 as an acid to dissolve soil components had little effects on As removal. KH2PO4 almost removed as much As as H3PO4, but it did not result in serious damage to soils, indicating that it was a more promising extractant. The results of a kinetic study showed that As removal reached equilibrium after incubation for 360 rain, but dissolution of soil components, especially Mg and Ca, was very rapid. Therefore dissolution of soil components would be inevitable if As was further removed. Elovich model best described the kinetic data of As removal among the four models used in the kinetic study. 相似文献
700.
采用酸碱法溶出电脑线路板中的贱金属,用王水制备金贵液,然后选用萃取容量较大的甲基异丁基甲酮进行萃金研究,结果表明:在相比为0.6、振荡萃取频率(100 r/min)、萃取时间15 min、温度40℃时,MIBK萃金的效果最佳,一次萃取率可达到97.14%,当金贵液中金含量大于30μg时,在以上条件下,萃取率可达到98%以上;选用5%的草酸进行金的反萃取,在70℃反萃40 min其反萃率可达98%以上;在120℃条件下蒸馏、冷凝回收有机相中的甲基异丁基甲酮,其回收率大于98%,节约萃取成本的同时,可提高试剂的利用效率。 相似文献