糖尿病小型猪心肌、肝脏组织结构变化和心肌VEGF表达

以探讨高糖高脂高胆固醇饲料诱发的糖尿病广西巴马小型猪心肌和肝脏组织结构变化、肝糖原分解和心肌血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达情况为目的.通过3月龄雄性广西巴马小型猪10只,随机分2组,5只饲以基础饲料为CD组;5只饲以高糖高脂饲料为HFSCD组,饲养时间5个月.每月末从禁食过夜的小型猪眶静脉窦抽取血样,葡萄糖氧化酶法检测空腹血糖(Glucose);GPO-PAP酶法测定血浆甘油三脂(triglyceride,TG);放射免疫法测血浆胰岛素.第5个月末股动脉放血处死小型猪,取1小块心肌和肝脏组织,固定于10%中性甲醛固定液,常规石蜡包埋、切片、制片后用光学显微镜进行观察的方法.结果HFSCD组血糖、甘油三酯和胰岛素水平升高.与CD组比较,差异具有显著性意义(P<0.05).从肝脏病理切片观察所见,HFSCD组肝脏肝细胞索排列紊乱,肝细胞肿胀呈气球样变,亦可见肝细胞萎缩、坏死,脂肪变性明显,肝小叶间有单个核细胞浸润,肝糖原极少或消失.心肌组织中VEGF的蛋白表达显著增加,且表达范围广泛.得出高糖高脂高胆固醇饲料诱发的糖尿病广西巴马小型猪肝脏和心肌组织结构改变,肝糖原减少,心肌VEGF蛋白表达增加的结论.图5,参13.     

六价铬化合物的肝脏毒性及其作用机制研究进展

六价铬化合物普遍存在于环境中,并被广泛应用于多种工业生产中,由此引发的铬污染及健康问题已经引起了人们的重视。作为体内代谢及解毒的重要场所,肝脏是Cr(Ⅵ)毒性作用的靶器官之一。本文对Cr(Ⅵ)化合物在环境中的污染来源与污染状况、机体内吸收、分布与代谢及对肝脏的毒性损害及其作用机制的研究现状加以综述。     

Alpha-tocopherol supplementation on chromium toxicity: a study on rat liver and kidney cell membrane

Membrane damage is one of the important consequence of chromium,an environmental toxicant,to produce cytotoxicity.α-tocopherol,a membrane protectant can be used to reduce the chromium-induced membrane damage.In the present study,the impact of chromium in presence and absence of α-tocopherol was studied on plasma membrane of live and kidney in male Wistar rats(80-100g body weight).Significant increase in membrane cholesterol level as well as significant decrease in membrane phospholipid level in chromium exposed(0.8mg/100g body weight/d,i.p.,for 4 weeks)animals suggest structural alteration of both liver and kidney plasma memebrane.The alkaline phosphatase,total ATPase and Na^ -K^ -ATPase activities of plasma membrane were significantly decreased in both liver and kidney after chromium treatment.However,α-tocopherol (30mg/100g diet)supplementation can restrict the changes in these membrane-bound enzyme activities.Thus,the usefulness of dietary supplementation of α-tocopherol to restrain the chromium-induced membrane damage is suggested.     

Antioxidant effect of L-cysteine on sodium-valproate-induced oxidative stress in rat liver: biochemical and ultrastructural approaches

L-Cysteine has protective efficacy in cases of oxidative tissue injury. Sodium valproate is widely used as an anticonvulsant and an antidepressant in spite of hepatotoxicity as side effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective role of L-cysteine in liver toxicity induced by sodium valproate overdose. Release of the hepatic enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and levels of lipid profiles, as well as the oxidative, enzymatic, and non-enzymatic antioxidant were assessed. Liver damage was judged histologically. L-Cysteine decreased the activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, as well as improved the level of lipid profile, increased the enzymatic antioxidant (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase), and decreased the lipid peroxidation. L-Cysteine administration inhibited liver injury of sodium valproate.     

镉对鲫鱼鳃和肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响

使用浸浴法以 0 mg/ L、0 .73 mg/ L、1 .46 mg/ L、2 .95 mg/ L 4个镉 (Cd Cl2 · 2 .5H2 O)浓度为丰产鲫 (Carassiusauratus of Penze(♀ )× Cyprinusacutidorsalis(♂ ) )幼鱼染毒 ,测定了 1 4 4 h内鳃及肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性的变化。结果表明 ,低浓度组Cd曝露时 ,鲫鱼鳃和肝组织中 SOD活性的变化短时间内不明显 ,但随着处理时间的延长 ,Cd提高了鳃和肝组织中 SOD的活性 ,导致“毒物兴奋效应”。高浓度组 Cd曝露时均抑制了肝和鳃中的 SOD活性 ,其作用随着曝露时间的延长和浓度的升高而增强 ,SOD酶活性降低所造成的活性氧伤害是引起鲫幼鱼死亡的重要原因。肝组织中的 SOD酶活性和敏感性高于鳃 ,这与其执行的生理功能有关     

Reference values for acetyl and butyrylcholinesterases in cattle under actual management conditions,hepatic and renal function by application of chlorpyrifos

Chlorpyrifos is an anticholinesterase organophosphate insecticide widely used in Argentina in the production of food derived from animal, fruit and horticultural origin and is reported as a residue within these products. Local reference values for acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase were determined in Aberdeen Angus bovine and cross bred cattle (n = 25), a requirement to be able to evaluate toxicity of commercial organophosphate and carbamate formulations. The activity of cholinesterase enzymes presented an overall mean of 2,183.00 ± 485.6 IU L^?1 for erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and 203.1 ± 42.06 IU L^?1 for plasma butyrylcholinesterase, which are used as reference values for meat steers within a system of intensive production in a semi-arid region. The toxic potential of chlorpyrifos in steers of the same breeds (n = 12) was assessed applying chlorpyrifos 15.00% Tipertox® in a single therapeutic dose of 7.50 mg kg^?1 by topical route. Prior to application and then on day 1 and day 21 post-application, both blood cholinesterases, serum chlorpyrifos concentration by ultra-high resolution liquid chromatography with mass detector, analysis of blood counts, total proteins, liver enzymes, urea and creatinine were evaluated. The mean plasma concentration of chlorpyrifos was 27.90 ug L^?1 at 24 h. The findings indicate that the therapeutic treatment of castrated male bovines treated with chlorpyrifos, applied by pour-on according to the manufacturer's instructions, does not cause changes in the variables evaluated.     

放射性测量中样品灰化的实验条件研究

在动植物样品监测过程中,样品前处理过程费时,且处理的效果对测量结果具有明显的影响。本文以猪肝和玉米作为研究对象,采用正交实验设计对于重要实验参数进行优化。结果显示10%的NaOH对猪肝有较好的助灰化效果,12.8%的Mg（NO3）2对玉米有较好的助灰化效果。同时,在助灰化剂存在的条件下,猪肝的优化灰化条件为：灰化温度为600℃,灰化时间为2h;玉米的灰化温度为500℃,灰化时间为4h。研究得到的猪肝和玉米的灰化时间显著缩短,处理效果亦明显改善。     

Cd^2＋污染对草鱼不同组织中过氧化物酶活性的影响

采用细静水生物测试法研究Cd2＋对草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）的肝胰脏、肾脏和鳃组织过氧化物酶（POD）活性的影响。结果表明,在7 d的试验时间内,低浓度Cd2＋胁迫时,肝胰脏和肾脏组织POD活性随时间变化均呈先降低后升高再降低的变化趋势,而高浓度Cd2＋胁迫时,肝胰脏组织POD活性始终受到显著抑制（P〈0.05）,肾脏组织POD活性短时间内被诱导,但随着暴露时间的延长,其受到显著抑制（P〈0.05）;鳃组织在受到Cd2＋污染时POD活性随时间变化呈先升高后降低变化趋势。草鱼鳃组织POD活性明显低于肝胰脏和肾脏组织。     

The Northern Mole Vole: Is It a Hibernator?

Based on the results of long-term field studies (1980–1997) and published data on the ecology of the northern mole vole (Ellobius talpinusPall.), it is assumed that these animals living in the Southern Urals and the Transural region do hibernate. The factors that cause their hibernation (freezing of the ground, the resultant unavailability of food, and hypoxia), some indirect evidence for hibernation (the cessation of tooth root growth from autumn to spring and a long life span), and characteristic signs of the preparation for hibernation (a decrease in body weight and an increase in liver weight) are considered. A hypothetical scheme of the active and dormant periods is proposed.