宝鸡市滨河路不同植被环境污染的磁学响应

为理解城市道路绿化带不同植被叶片附尘对污染的磁学响应,对宝鸡市滨河路不同类型的植被叶片进行系统的环境磁学实验分析.结果表明,植被叶片中磁性矿物含量相对较低,主要的载磁矿物为假单畴和多畴的亚铁磁性矿物,同时含有赤铁矿,灌木植被叶片的磁性矿物浓度与粒径均大于乔木,其中χ_lf值平均值为6.49×10^-8m³/kg,相比较校园清洁区的植被叶片,表现出较高的浓度.滨河路植被叶片的饱和等温剩磁（SIRM）和非磁滞剩磁磁化率（χ_ARM）的变化范围分别为（964~1226）×10^-6Am²/kg和（9.9~44.7）×10^-8m³/kg,同样也都远高于校园植被叶片（453~771）×10^-6Am²/kg和（6.8~15.1）×10^-8m³/kg,表明亚铁磁性矿物的相对含量较高.磁学参数表现出一定的空间变化规律,随着高度的增大,植被叶片含有的磁性矿物浓度和粒径逐渐递减.随着高度逐渐递减.同一高度内不同种类植被记录的环境污染各有差异,灌木植被紫金叶女贞的叶片样品中含有较高的磁性矿物浓度,指示其具有更好的滞尘和防治污染的能力.植被叶片的磁性矿物浓度在滨河路东段十字路口与西段路口呈现两个高值中心,指示两个污染相对较为严重的区域.     

核桃果皮基磁性固体酸催化剂的制备及其催化性能研究

采用自底向上策略,利用农业废弃物核桃青果皮制备了磁性碳质固体酸催化剂,并对其进行了BET、XRD、SEM、IR和TGA等表征分析.结果表明,合成的磁性固体酸催化剂结构蓬松,比表面积大,具有良好的热稳定性.催化剂MPCs-0.2-SO₃H在生物柴油的合成中具有良好的催化活性.当醇油比为30,催化剂加入量为油酸质量的7%,80℃反应8 h酯化率达到74.2%,比商用Amberlyst-15催化剂的酯化率高近20%,最高含水量可达油酸质量的4%,重复使用3次后仍具有较高的酯化率,不仅实现了废弃物的资源化,而且得到的催化剂磁性易分离,在生物柴油的合成中具有巨大的应用潜能.     

电磁监测卫星磁洁净控制方法研究

提出了卫星磁洁净控制的主要方法,覆盖从卫星可行性设计到最终系统级磁试验的各个阶段。结合电磁监测卫星的研制流程,介绍了在可行性论证、方案阶段和初样阶段卫星磁洁净控制工作的进展。开展的工作表明,卫星平台在绝对磁场校准装置位置产生的磁场干扰不确定量可以控制在0.5 nT,能够满足卫星在轨科学探测任务需求。     

用独立分量分析方法实现地震转换波与多次反射波分离

独立分量分析(ICA)是新兴的一种统计学方法。其目的是寻求对非高斯分布数据进行有效表示,使得各个基分量在统计学意义上独立,或者尽最大可能独立。这种表示意在获取数据的基本结构,可有效实现特征提取和信号分离。本文概述ICA的基本理论和快速算法,并在分析地震记录特点的基础上,阐明采用ICA方法可以实现对沉积地区远震记录中转换波和多次反射波的分离。研究结果表明,ICA方法可有效地分离地震转换波和多次反射波,并由此获得较为合理的地下间断面初步解释结果,从而有利于扩展接收函数技术的应用。     

Contamination, Crop Trials, and Compatibility

This paper examines the ethical andsocial questions that underlie the present UKdiscussion whether GM crops and organicagriculture can co-exist within a given regionor are mutually exclusive. A EuropeanCommission report predicted practicaldifficulties in achieving sufficientseparation distances to guarantee lowerthreshold levels proposed for GM material inorganic produce. Evidence of gene flow betweensome crops and their wild relatives has beena key issue in the recent Government consultation toconsult on whether or not to authorizecommercial planting of GM crops, following theresults of the current UK farm scale trials.The admixture of imported Bt transgenes intolandrace varieties of Mexican maize alsopresents difficulties. An ethical evaluationis made of the claim that organic growersshould expect protection from adventitioustraces of GM constructs in their products. Towhat extent – on either side of the debate –can any particular group in society set upagricultural standards for itself that mayeffectively restrain others from an otherwisejust business? The assumptions behind notionslike ``purity'' and ``contamination'' areexamined, together with their underlying viewsof nature and human intervention. The 2001UK Agriculture and Environmental BiotechnologyCommission report is relevant to theseissues. While the Government wishes to promotethe UK biotechnology industry and is underpressure from US claims of trade restraint, astrong organic lobby demands purity from GMcontamination. Does this adversarial framingof the issues reflect broader public opinionin the UK public consultation? Inarriving at policy decisions, the role of thevirtue of tolerance is considered inpost-modern and Christian ethical contexts.     

HYDROLOGIC SIMULATION OF THE LITTLE WASHITA RIVER EXPERIMENTAL WATERSHED USING SWAT1

ABSTRACT: Precipitation and streamflow data from three nested subwatersheds within the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed (LWREW) in southwestern Oklahoma were used to evaluate the capabilities of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to predict streamflow under varying climatic conditions. Eight years of precipitation and streamflow data were used to calibrate parameters in the model, and 15 years of data were used for model validation. SWAT was calibrated on the smallest and largest sub‐watersheds for a wetter than average period of record. The model was then validated on a third subwatershed for a range in climatic conditions that included dry, average, and wet periods. Calibration of the model involved a multistep approach. A preliminary calibration was conducted to estimate model parameters so that measured versus simulated yearly and monthly runoff were in agreement for the respective calibration periods. Model parameters were then fine tuned based on a visual inspection of daily hydrographs and flow frequency curves. Calibration on a daily basis resulted in higher baseflows and lower peak runoff rates than were obtained in the preliminary calibration. Test results show that once the model was calibrated for wet climatic conditions, it did a good job in predicting streamflow responses over wet, average, and dry climatic conditions selected for model validation. Monthly coefficients of efficiencies were 0.65, 0.86, and 0.45 for the dry, average, and wet validation periods, respectively. Results of this investigation indicate that once calibrated, SWAT is capable of providing adequate simulations for hydrologic investigations related to the impact of climate variations on water resources of the LWREW.     

溢油分离回收的神妙武器

20世纪90年代以来,国内外在陆上和海域不断发生溢油事故,由此造成重大的资源损失和环境污染。文中介绍了欧美国家对此采取的应急措施和使用的应急装备,论述了日本世界化工股份公司溢油分离回收机的工作原理、结构特点和适用环境。     

絮凝磁分离技术处理环烷酸钠废水的研究

环烷酸钠是导致炼油废水不能达标排放的主要原因,文章采用絮凝磁分离技术处理环烷酸钠废水,研究各因素对实验结果的影响,确定最佳处理条件,并对实际废水进行了实验研究,结果表明该技术可有效去除炼油废水中的CODcr。     

中波广播电台的电磁辐射环境影响分析

文章引入电磁辐射源固有危险性评价的指数法评判模型,进行了中波广播电台的固有危险性评价。探讨了中波天线周围电场强度的理论计算、分布规律以及电磁污染可能范围,并进行了现场监测。结果表明:中波广播电台天线电场强度值,在近距离区域随距离的增加而迅速衰减,当距离进一步增大时,场强值继续衰减,但衰减速度越来越缓慢;磁场强度随距离的增加而降低,但相对与电场强度衰减的幅度较慢。当中波广播电台功率比较低时,其电场强度和磁场强度在20 m以外均能符合国家标准限值规定,对周围环境影响较小。     

高空风场对某飞行器级间分离影响研究

目的研究高空风场对飞行器飞行时级间分离的影响。方法建立飞行器分离模型,仿真计算飞行器分离时下面级的横移距离、两个关键部件之间的间隙。结果在最低飞行条件风速34 m/s时,下面级横移距离和两个关键间隙均满足设计条件。在仿真计算风速40 m/s条件下,下面级横移距离、两个关键部件间隙均满足设计要求,因此最低飞行条件风速可放宽至40 m/s。在最大风速45 m/s时,三个值均超出了设计值,有可能会对分离造成影响。结论高空风对飞行器级间分离存在一定影响,随着高空风风速的增加,面级的横移距离和两个关键部件之间键间隙随之增加。