自养硝化细菌的分离、鉴定及系统发育分析

以城市污水处理厂A2O工艺中好氧活性污泥为菌源,筛选出2株自养型硝化细菌N3和N4.转接2株菌株至液体分离培养基中培养14d,经检测,2株菌株的硝化效果均可达100%.通过形态观察、生理生化试验初步鉴定表明,这2株菌株均属于硝化杆菌属.利用PCR扩增、克隆、测序对菌株作进一步鉴定,测序结果提交GenBank进行同源性检索,并通过MEGA软件进行比对和系统发育分析.16SrDNA序列分析表明,这2株菌株与维氏硝化细菌的同源性高达98%.     

磁性高交联纳米吸附树脂的合成及其对酚类的吸附

采用油酸双层包覆Fe₃O₄纳米粒子,然后进行共聚和交联反应,制备出耐酸性的磁性高交联纳米吸附树脂YQ-3.YQ-3树脂的比表面积为653.5 m²·g^-1,平均孔径为4.12 nm,磁化强度为1.72 emμ·g^-1,具有超顺磁性.苯酚（PN）、对苯二酚（HN）、对硝基苯酚（PNP）在YQ-3上的吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程,主要通过疏水和 π-π作用进行吸附.3种酚的饱和吸附量顺序为PNP>PN>HN,与其疏水性顺序一致.准一级动力学和颗粒内模型适合拟合YQ-3对酚的吸附,由于YQ-3磁性树脂具有较小的粒径和丰富的中-大孔隙,其动力学速率比传统超高交联树脂更快.     

不同形态厌氧氨氧化菌处理磁分离出水脱氮性能及微生物群落结构变化分析

采用两种不同形态（固定生物膜和颗粒态）的厌氧氨氧化菌（AnAOB）,考察了其对磁分离出水的脱氮性能、氮负荷的差异,同时从分子生物学的角度分析了微生物群落结构的变化.结果表明：采用自模拟污水,35℃恒温、不同水力停留时间（HRT）条件下,两个反应器对NH₄⁺-N和NO₂^--N的去除率均大于90%.此外,反应器内的微生物群落结构也发生改变,固定生物膜和颗粒反应器中Candidatus Kuenenia菌属消失,Candidatus_Brocadia、Candidatus_Jettenia成为体系厌氧氨氧化优势菌属,相对丰度分别上升至0.89%、0.63%（固定生物膜）和8.79%、2.92%（颗粒）.采用磁分离出水,随着HRT的降低,两种形态的厌氧氨氧化菌对NH₄⁺-N和NO₂^--N去除率均在80%以上.反应器中厌氧氨氧化菌Candidatus_Brocadia、Candidatus_Jettenia的相对丰度明显下降,最终稳定维持在0.7%左右,并伴随异养菌的出现.     

Hydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic graphene oxide membrane intercalated by TiO2 nanotubes for oil/water separation

GO/TiO₂ membrane was prepared by assembling GO nanosheets and TiO₂ nanotubes. The intercalation of TiO₂ nanotubes enlarged the space of GO interlayers and modified the surface morphology. Hydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic property of GO/TiO₂ membrane was obtained. Water permeability, hydrophilicity, oleophobicity and antifouling ability of GO-based membrane were all enhanced by intercalating TiO₂ nontubes. Membrane technology for oil/water separation has received increasing attention in recent years. In this study, the hydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic membrane with enhanced water permeability and antifouling ability were fabricated by synergistically assembling graphene oxide(GO) nanosheets and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanotubes for oil/water separation. GO/TiO₂ membrane exhibits hydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic properties with water contact angle of 62° and under water oil contact angle of 162.8°. GO/TiO₂ membrane shows greater water permeability with the water flux up to 531 L/(m²·h·bar), which was more than 5 times that of the pristine GO membrane. Moreover, GO/TiO₂membrane had excellent oil/water separation efficiency and anti-oil-fouling capability, as oil residual in filtrate after separation was below 5 mg/L and flux recovery ratios were over 80%.The results indicate that the intercalation of TiO₂ nanotubes into adjacent GO nanosheets enlarged the channel structure and modified surface topography of the obtained GO/TiO₂ membranes, which improved the hydrophilicity, permeability and anti-oil-fouling ability of the membranes, enlightening the great prospects of GO/TiO₂ membrane in oil-water treatment.     

Visible-light-driven heterostructured g-C3N4/Bi-TiO2 floating photocatalyst with enhanced charge carrier separation for photocatalytic inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa

• Bi doping in TiO₂ enhanced the separation of photo-generated electron-hole. • The performance of photocatalytic degradation of MC-LR was improved. • Coexisting substances have no influence on algal removal performance. • The key reactive oxygen species were h⁺ and ^•OH in the photocatalytic process. The increase in occurrence and severity of cyanobacteria blooms is causing increasing concern; moreover, human and animal health is affected by the toxic effects of Microcystin-LR released into the water. In this paper, a floating photocatalyst for the photocatalytic inactivation of the harmful algae Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) was prepared using a simple sol-gel method, i.e., coating g-C₃N₄ coupled with Bi-doped TiO₂ on Al₂O₃-modified expanded perlite (CBTA for short). The impact of different molar ratios of Bi/Ti on CBTA was considered. The results indicated that Bi doping in TiO₂ inhibited photogenerated electron-hole pair recombination. With 6 h of visible light illumination, 75.9% of M. aeruginosa (initial concentration= 2.7 × 10⁶ cells/L) and 83.7% of Microcystin-LR (initial concentration= 100 μg/L) could be removed with the addition of 2 g/L CBTA-1% (i.e., Bi/Ti molar ratio= 1%). The key reactive oxygen species (ROSs) in the photocatalytic inactivation process are h⁺ and ^•OH. The induction of the Bi⁴⁺/Bi³⁺ species by the incorporation of Bi could narrow the bandgap of TiO₂, trap electrons, and enhance the stability of CBTA-1% in the solutions with coexisting environmental substances.     

基于磁场理论的矿岩加载损伤破坏表征研究

充填体与围岩的相互力学作用,除了接触带表壁附近可以通过贴置电阻应变片的方式进行应变值测量外,接触面及接触带附近的损伤破坏情况不易监测。基于此,应用磁场理论,将磁粉加入到配比试样中,充磁之后进行加载试验。通过特斯拉计测量试样表壁在加载过程中的磁感应强度变化,建立由表及里的损伤破坏联系规律。试验结果表明:加了磁粉的配比试样,在加载过程中各监测点处的磁感应强度值变化明显,特别是在内部裂纹扩展至临空面处的磁感应强度几乎减小至0.2 mT以下;而试样在加载过程中,各监测点的磁感应强度值随着压密破坏而变化;在未破坏时,不同区域有较一致的随试样内部压密相应磁感应强度增大的变化规律,而在试样加载破坏后,不同监测点磁感应强度变化起伏较大。     

煤系页岩瓦斯吸附-解吸特性核磁共振实验研究

吸附态和游离态瓦斯变化规律能为煤系页岩瓦斯安全高效抽采提供技术参考,常规实验方法难以实现对吸附态和游离态瓦斯变化规律的独立表征。以阜新盆地清河门矿煤系页岩为例,采用低场核磁共振技术对煤系页岩粉试样进行瓦斯吸附-解吸实验,并提出以核磁共振T2（横向弛豫时间）谱幅值积分作为瓦斯含量定量表征指标。实验表明:吸附-解吸过程T2谱曲线有3个特性峰,对应3个横向弛豫时间截止阈值;吸附态瓦斯量与瓦斯压力符合朗格缪尔方程,而游离态瓦斯量与瓦斯压力呈线性关系;吸附态瓦斯解吸过程具有明显滞后性,且存在7.26 MPa临界滞后瓦斯压力,而游离态瓦斯吸附和解吸过程近似可逆,无明显滞后性。     

环境样品中汞形态分析技术的进展

汞的毒性、环境行为、生物有效性不仅跟其浓度有关,还决定于其化学形态,因此汞的形态分析在环境科学中具有重要意义。样品前处理几乎是汞形态分析研究中不可或缺的步骤,而色谱和光谱/质谱联用技术是目前普遍采用的分离检测方法。文章对近十年来这些方面的研究进展进行了综述,主要包括样品的前处理方法如酸/碱溶剂萃取、微波辅助萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、单滴微萃取、分散液液微萃取等,以及色谱（液相色谱、气相色谱）和毛细管电泳与光谱/质谱（紫外可见光谱、原子吸收光谱、原子荧光光谱、等离子体质谱等）的联用技术在汞化合物形态分析中的应用情况。最后提出今后应重点研究建立高效、简便的前处理方法,发展高分离度、高灵敏度、高速度的分离检测联用技术,以便更好地对汞的形态进行分析监测。     

Effect of preozonation on improvement of settleability of solid in highly concentrated organic wastewater of Japanese wheat and sweet potato spirit-distillery

Solid-liquid separation of the wastewater is very difficult because of high viscosity and high SS concentration. In this study, the effectiveness of preozonation on improving the settleability of the solids in wheat and sweet potato wastewaters was investigated using a bench-scale system and pilot treatment system respectively. Results showed that solid-liquid separation in the wheat wastewater was greatly improved by the decanter in the system(SS reduction from 24100 mg/L to 100 mg/L). However, preozonation practice did not show a significant effect on solid-liquid separation of the sweet potato wastewater. Effect of preozonation on solid-liquid separation between wheat and sweet potato wastewater showed different.     

Interaction of PACls with sulfate

IntroductionPolyaluminumchloride (PACl)asamainkindofinorganicpolymerflocculantsisanewhighereffectivewaterandwastewatertreatmentreagent.Basedonthetraditionallow molecularaluminum ,ithasbeendevelopedworldwidesincethe 196 0s(Tang,1994 ;1990 ;1987) .PAClistheintermediateproductofthehydrolysis polymerization ageingprocessofAl(III)undersuitableconditions.Atpresent,itisgenerallyknownthattherearemanypossiblespeciesexistintheAl(III)solution ,suchasmonomers,oligomers,Al13 [AlO4Al12 (OH) 2 4(H2 …