北京市制造业减污降碳协同效应分析和驱动因素

基于北京市2013～2020年制造业大气污染物和CO₂排放数据计算结果,分析了制造业排放变化特征,采用协同效应系数评估了制造业减污降碳的协同效果,并利用LMDI模型量化分析了人口规模、经济发展、产业结构、能耗强度、能源结构和排放强度对于大气污染物排放、CO₂排放以及二者综合的驱动影响程度.结果表明,北京市制造业排放总体呈下降趋势,2013～2020年,大气污染物排放减少了79.2%～92.5%,CO₂排放减少了60.3%,各项排放在“清空五年”和“蓝天三年”时期呈现不同的阶段性特征.从减污降碳协同效果来看,各项大气污染物和CO₂的协同效应系数均在0～1之间,对于大气污染物的减排作用大于CO₂.从各驱动因素影响来看,能耗强度降低和能源结构优化对于排放的负向拉动作用较大,排放强度降低对于大气污染物排放具有抑制作用;从协同减排综合驱动影响来看,能耗强度降低的协同效果最为明显,产业结构调整在“蓝天三年”时期的协同效果最佳.     

我国食品加工制造业水污染物排放标准存在问题及欧盟经验的启示

详细介绍了食品加工制造业的废水来源及特点,系统梳理了我国相关行业已经发布及正在制修订的水污染物排放标准情况,并就标准的适用范围、控制项目及限值进行了讨论。结果表明：我国相关行业水污染物排放标准适用范围覆盖不全面且存在交叉现象;不同标准的控制项目及限值类似,在一定程度影响了食品加工制造业水污染物排放的有效控制。为此,研究了欧盟食品加工制造业污染防治管理制度、产排污分析方法及全过程污染防治的理念;分析了欧盟该行业水污染物的排放控制。提出了我国开展该行业水污染物排放标准制修订工作的建议：强化全过程污染控制理念,增强产排污分析的科学性、系统性和改进水污染物排放标准体系设置。     

剩余活性污泥制复合肥

石油化工污水处理过程中产生的剩余活性污泥处理是环保工作中的一大难题 ,通过对污泥成分、肥效的分析及对活性污泥制肥的工艺简介 ,阐明了剩余活性污泥制复合肥技术的可行性和广阔前景     

探讨汽车制造、锅炉排污许可申请的问题与对策

2019年全面启动了汽车制造行业、锅炉行业排污许可证的申请与核发,在申请过程中出现诸多问题,应完善污染物排放标准体系,做到环境影响评价、污染物排放标准与排污许可有效衔接。为此,在文中通过对相关文件的查阅与分析,对当前汽车制造行业、锅炉两个行业排污许可证申请与核发进行分析。在此基础上,提出了环评与排污许可衔接的建议。为环评与排污许可的衔接提供借鉴。     

企业碳信息披露质量评价及影响因素研究

科学有效地评价企业的碳信息披露质量并探寻影响碳信息披露的主要因素,有助于进一步提升企业的碳信息披露质量水平、发挥企业在我国如期实现碳达峰及碳中和进程中的积极作用。基于碳信息披露的四个维度构建制造业企业碳信息披露质量的评价体系,综合主成分分析法和熵权法测度我国制造业企业2018—2020年真实的碳信息披露质量水平及变化趋势,有效降低评价指标的维数,避免单一熵权法权重失真情况,并通过随机森林回归识别各个指标对企业碳信息披露质量的重要性。研究发现：（1）主成分和熵权法组合可有效降低信息量少的“干扰”维度对企业碳信息披露的影响,能客观真实地评价我国制造业企业的碳信息披露质量,从而获得比传统单独采用单一方法更有效的评价结果。（2）2018—2020年,我国制造业企业的碳信息披露质量整体呈现上升趋势且2020年的碳信息披露质量水平提升最大。（3）我国制造业企业的碳信息披露质量整体偏低,不同企业间的碳信息披露质量存在较大差异。（4）企业的研发投入、总资产、总负债等因素对企业碳信息披露质量有较大影响。     

Assessing the effectiveness of integrating ergonomics and sustainability: a case study of a Mexican maquiladora

In 2015, the United Nations defined sustainable industrialization as one of 17 sustainable development goals. In this article, an analysis is performed to assess the opportunities for ergonomics to contribute toward sustainability in the manufacturing industry. To that effect, a case study was carried out in a maquiladora of electronic components in the northwestern region of Mexico. The investigation was developed in four stages: (a) diagnosis; (b) planning; (c) implementations; (d) verification of results. Barriers found during each stage are presented. Finally, a discussion of the obtained results is provided, and areas of opportunity for programs or actions to prevent health risks are identified.     

A Multilevel Approach to Manual Lifting in Manufacturing Industries

Musculoskeletal injuries are often the consequences of wrong postural configurations used during Manual Materials Handling (MMH). This eventually leads to a large payout of worker’s compensation and loss of production time. A simulated study of back injury risks has been carried out on seven selected manufacturing industries to identify and evaluate harmful working postures. For each MMH task, Ovako Working Posture Analyzing System (OWAS) codes have been identified with the help of motion study pictures. Also, Chaffin's biomechanical model was used to calculate L5/S1 load compression values on the spine during MMH activities. The multilevel approach adopted was a combination of OWAS and Chaffin’s biomechanical model. The application of a digitizer enabled us to identify the coordinates and it made a subsequent evaluation of the angles of each body link possible.     

The Effectiveness of a “Break Experiment” from a Long-Term Perspective

The study reports the results of a follow-up evaluation, conducted in 1994, of the impact of a training program for female unskilled metal workers that was implemented at the end of the 1970s. The program was designed to promote occupational skills development, and was first evaluated in 1979. On both occasions of evaluation the investment in training was examined from two perspectives, those of the training participants and management. Data were collected through semistructured personal interviews with key members of personnel management and through a group conversation session with a majority of the original course attendees. Supplementary background information was obtained from documents and records maintained by the organization. At some points, there was a convergence of views on the significance of the training program for occupational skills development, at others a divergence. These convergences and divergences are finally discussed and the findings of the study are related to other research on this particular kind of intervention.     

木制家具生产行业的职业危害与个体防护

通过对木制家具生产工艺流程及加工过程的调研分析,归纳出木粉尘、噪声、有机挥发物、机械伤害等10种主要危害因素,将各种危害因素对安全健康的影响和致病形式进行总结,并对木制家具生产企业进行现场调查。指出企业在职业危害防护措施方面的欠缺与不足,同时对木制家具生产行业职业危害的防护措施、个体防护装备的选用以及防护装备使用中的注意事项进行说明。研究认为,木制家具生产行业中危害因素多且危害程度严重,安监部门应加强对企业的监督管理,企业应为职工提供有效防护措施和个体防护装备。     

从行为科学角度浅论家具生产企业安全管理

家具生产企业的安全状况如何,直接影响企业的经济效益,影响着生产员工的情绪稳定.本文旨在运用行为科学理论,剖析家具生产企业事故发生的原因,并提出了避免出现安全事故的相应措施,促进家具企业的健康发展.