弱胶结软岩巷道高分子改性树脂注浆加固技术研究*

为解决弱胶结软岩胶结性差、力学强度低、遇水易软化带来的巷道围岩变形量大的问题,以王洼二矿为例,结合试验巷道围岩条件和注浆加固支护技术特点,提出高分子改性树脂注浆加固方案;并采用室内注浆加固体力学性能试验验证方案的可行性。结果表明:现场围岩单轴抗压强度平均值22.74 MPa、抗拉强度平均值0.674 MPa,高分子改性树脂注浆材料对围岩加固体单轴抗压强度影响不大,但加固体抗拉强度平均值3.07 MPa,相比原岩抗拉强度提高355.5%;现场试验顶板、两帮围岩变形量由之前的大变形逐渐控制在100 mm以内,注浆后30 d基本趋于稳定。研究结果对软岩巷道支护设计和施工具有一定的实际指导意义。     

Trends of hazardous material accidents (HMAs) during highway transportation from 2013 to 2018 in China

Statistical analysis of hazardous material accidents (HMAs) in China from 20013 to 2018 related to characteristics and consequences is discussed in this study, revealing different time volatility, spatial distribution and accident consequence features. Yearly, monthly, weekly and hourly levels of HMAs are analysed, and the corresponding factors are discussed. The trends of HMAs are affected by different factors, such as efforts toward safety-specific rectification by the government, holidays, five-day workweek systems and daily traffic peaks. The spatial distribution trends indicate that highway transportation of hazardous materials is mostly short-distance transport. The accidents that occurred on normal road sections account for 82.76% of the total HMAs during transportation. Leaking accidents caused by HMAs account for 79.35% of the total accidents. Countermeasures focusing on improving highway transportation safety for hazardous materials are recommended.     

利用循环流化床锅炉脱硫灰制备注浆材料

CFB锅炉脱硫灰中不含有球形玻珠,且含有较高的fCaO和SO3,不利于应用。通过对CFB锅炉脱硫灰制备的注浆材料的性能研究表明,CFB锅炉脱硫灰能够改善浆液的稳定性和结石率,但对流动性和结石体强度不利。通过掺入外加剂能够明显地改善浆液的性能,满足注浆工程的要求。     

石油天然气长输管道危险性分析

基于四川省天然气长输管道事故的统计资料(即1969—1990年间发生的155次事故),结合1990年以后,直至1998年四川发生的管道事故,对油气长输管道所面临的各种可能的危险因素进行综合分析,找出油气长输管道事故诱因主要来自管道腐蚀、材料缺陷、设计和施工质量、不良环境条件和第三方破坏。进而分别探讨四大危险性因素对管道安全运行的影响,并从理论和工程角度提出了预防和控制油气长输管道事故的对策和建议。     

Use of an activated carbon from antibiotic waste for the removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solution

Porous carbon has been prepared from waste antibiotic material by a chemical activation method using K(2)CO(3) as an activating reagent. Carbon was studied systematically by the adsorption of nitrogen and iodine. It was found that the process parameters such as activation temperature and activation time are crucial for preparing high-quality activated carbon. The proper choice of the preparation conditions allows to produce microporous activated carbon with a micropore volume up to 0.492 cm(3)/g and a BET surface area of 1260 m(2)/g. Adsorption of mercury(II) from an aqueous solution on antibiotic carbon was investigated under the varying conditions of agitation time, metal ion concentration and pH. The adsorption capacity of the carbon is 129 mg/g.     

Monitoring the volume and lateral spread of disposed sediments by acoustic methods, Oslo Harbor, Norway

Acoustic equipment, including interferometric sonar and parametric sub-bottom profiler, have been used to determine the volume and lateral spread of dredged sediments disposed in the natural submarine depression in the Bekkelag Basin, inner Oslofjord since the beginning of the Oslo Harbor remediation project in 2006. This natural depression is used as a subaqueous confined disposal facility (CDF). Calculation of the volume of disposed sediments in the CDF is based on elevation change, derived from two high-resolution bathymetric datasets obtained in 2004, i.e. before the onset of the remediation project, and in April 2008. Seismic profiles across the CDF have been used to estimate the settlement of the original seabed, caused by loading-induced dewatering and compaction of the seabed sediments under the disposed masses.Detailed bathymetry and backscatter data demonstrate the lateral spread of disposed sediments within a well-confined area covering ca. 195,000 m². The sea bottom within this area is distinctly softer than the surrounding seabed as shown by very low acoustic backscatter amplitude, signifying a very loose surface character of the disposed sediments. The thickness of the disposed sediments reaches 6 m the deepest part of the original depression. The volume calculation of the disposed sediments in the CDF, based solely on bathymetry data, gives a value of ca. 310,000–320,000 m³. Settlement of the original seabed as a result of loading has been estimated to be 30 cm at 5 m thickness of the disposed sediments. Under the condition that the settlement rate is linearly correlated to the thickness of disposed sediments, the settlement corrected volume of disposed sediments is ca. 330,000–340,000 m³. Presented results demonstrate high accuracy and good reproducibility of acoustic seafloor data, and indicate a great potential of such methods as monitoring tools in environmental projects that involve dredging and subaqueous disposal.     

二恶英控制技术的研究现状及发展前景

分析了垃圾焚烧过程中产生的二恶英的危害以及目前世界各国对其控制处理技术的研究现状。重点讨论了二恶英新控制技术——催化分解二恶英滤料的功能特点。该技术具有对垃圾焚烧尾气中颗粒物的高效捕集和二恶英的高效分解的双重功效,并且为新型过滤材料的开发开辟了新途径。     

工业贮池防腐材料及其施工性能

总结了常用的工业贮池防腐蚀处理方法、防腐蚀材料的性能及施工过程和要点,比较了玻璃钢衬里、玻璃鳞片与乙烯基酯树脂混合衬里和耐酸块材砌筑等防腐蚀处理工艺的工艺条件,并介绍了玻璃钢衬里工艺中所用树脂的类型及性能.     

环境友好材料在化工园区建设中的作用

建立化学工业园区是世界化学工业发展的主要趋势,而整合化工园区内的物质流则成为世界化学工业园区化发展的基本立足点。介绍了环境友好材料理念的内涵;阐述了环境友好材料理念在化工园区规划中的作用,包括环境友好材料理念在单一化工工艺流程中、企业层面和园区层面的运用;并以福建化工园区建设为例,构建环境友好化工的产业链条。