旅游地形象的认知与构建

文章从心理和消费行为学角度分析了旅游地形象的概念及其形成机制,指出旅游地形象也是重要的旅游资源。并以此为依据,结合较为成熟的企业形象系统理论,探索了旅游地形象系统的构建思路、旅游地形象建立的方法和步骤。关于旅游地形象的研究会加深对旅游资源的再认识,同时也对丰富和完善旅游规划工作有一定的建设性指导意义。     

新形势下环境维权发展与研究

随着环境污染形势的加剧、社会民众环保意识的提高,环境维权开始在中国逐渐发展起来,虽然目前仍处于初级阶段,面临着诉讼维权困难、相关体制不健全等众多问题,但环境维权在新形势下已经呈现出诸多新的特征.本文通过对常州外国语学校"常外"事件进行分析,阐述了中国目前环境维权事件所具备的新特征,并在此基础上,从转变政府职能、拓展利益诉求渠道、加强法治力度三个角度出发,对政府管理提出相关建议,希望能够完善环境维权制度、促进环境维权在中国的健康发展.     

生物过滤塔中微生物群落的代谢特性

了解微生物群落结构与代谢功能对于提高生物反应器运行性能具有重要意义.为此,本研究用Biolog方法在160d的运行过程中研究了处理甲苯气体的木屑生物过滤塔和活性炭生物过滤塔中微生物群落的代谢特性.研究发现,木屑过滤塔和活性炭过滤塔中微生物群落的平均代谢活性在长期运行时均有下降趋势.主成分分析结果表明,生物过滤塔中微生物群落代谢指纹在运行前期未发生显著变化,但103d后在过滤塔进气端出现显著变化,到160d时整个过滤塔内的微生物群落代谢指纹均发生改变.2套过滤塔中微生物群落代谢活性与代谢特征指纹未表现出较大差异,表明长期运行时填料对微生物代谢的影响较小.在Biolog平板内的95种碳源中,羧酸类物质和氨基酸类物质更容易被过滤塔中的微生物群落利用.     

汽车制造厂焊接车间通风方式的研究

汽车制造厂焊接车间在焊接工艺过程中会产生一定量的有害气体,如何使工程初投资与系统运行费用最低,控制有害物的排放,以某工程实例,对诱导式通风方式进行了研究与数值模拟计算,并与原来只设屋顶排风机的通风方式进行比较,最后得出结论,采用15°喷射角的诱导通风方式,有利于有害物的排出,通风效果良好,且运行节能。     

Ecological network and emergy analysis of urban metabolic systems: Model development,and a case study of four Chinese cities

Analysis of the structure and function of urban metabolic systems is an important goal of urban research. We used network pathways and network utility analysis to analyze the basic network structure of the urban metabolic system and the complex ecological relationships within the system, providing a new way to perform such research. Using four Chinese cities as examples, we developed an ecological network model of the urban metabolic system. By using network pathway analysis, we studied the changing relationships between metabolic length and the number of metabolic pathways, and between metabolic length and reachability. Based on the distribution of the number of metabolic pathways, we describe the basic structure and intercompartment relationships of the system. By using the sign distribution in the network utility matrix, we determined the ecological relationships and degree of mutualism between the compartments of the system. The basic components of the system consisted of the internal environment, the external environment, and the agricultural, industrial, and domestic sectors. With increasing metabolic length, the ecological relationships among the components of the system became more diverse, and the numbers of metabolic paths and their reachability improved. Although the basic network structure of the four cities was identical, the mutualism index differed. Beijing's mutualism index was superior to that of Shanghai, and much higher than those of Tianjin and Chongqing. By analyzing the structure and function of the urban metabolic system, we provide suggestions for optimizing the structure and adjusting the relationships, and propose methods for the application of ecological network analysis in future urban system research.     

Models of withdrawing renewable and non-renewable resources based on Odum's energy systems theory and Daly's quasi-sustainability principle

This paper presents a theoretical model of withdrawing resources based on Odum's energy systems diagrams. According to the theory of a general pulsing principle, withdrawing resources changes in time shifting from the initial phases of growth and maturity to the phases of descent and low energy restoration. A simulation was performed in order to hypothesize potential future trends of withdrawing renewable and non-renewable resources and to show some aspects of their sustainability–unsustainability, respectively. According to Odum's theory, after the rapid growth of the last century, our civilization is living in a climax transition phase and it is now approaching a descent phase. A “way down” will be necessary due to the exhaustion of non-renewable and to the limited use of renewable resources. An integrated “renew–non-renew” model was developed by Odum to show how a “business as usual” trend will bring us to a drastic transition to a world that uses scarce renewable resources. Nevertheless, a different choice is possible, based on Daly's concept of quasi-sustainability that can inspire a new model. The latter argued that the exploitation of a non-renewable resource must be paired with a compensating investment in a renewable substitute. Our model shows that we can use non-renewable resources better to considerably improve our capacity of capturing renewable resources in the future. We present this as a necessary condition to address a sustainable environmental policy.     

一种分析城市代谢系统互动关系的方法

提出一种集成了能值分析和生态网络分析,研究城市代谢系统组分间互动关系的方法.基于城市复合生态系统和城市代谢的基本原理,在确定城市系统代谢单元和代谢环节的基础上,采用提出的方法,分析了城市代谢单元之间掠夺、限制和共生的关系.最后,以中国北京、上海、天津、重庆、广州和深圳6大城市为例进行了实证研究.结果表明,天津、重庆、广州市社会经济子系统对自然生态子系统存在着掠夺关系;北京、上海和深圳市自然生态子系统对社会经济子系统存在着限制关系;实现城市代谢系统良性运行的前提在于调控代谢单元间的互动关系,促进城市代谢单元间的协调共生.     

生物除磷生化代谢模型的研究进展

阐述了在生物除磷过程中生化代谢模型的建立与发展,分别介绍了早期的Comeau/Wentzel模型和Mino模型,在生物除磷代谢模型发展上有重要意义的Smolder模型和Delft模型,以及目前较被关注的反硝化除磷模型和国际水协(IWA)提出的ASM2和ASM2D模型.从而提出将生物除磷模型同化学除磷模型相结合,与在线监测技术发展融合,并且在模型中加入更多的环境因素将是生化除磷模型的主要发展方向.     

C/N对污泥厌氧发酵产酸类型及代谢途径的影响

研究了污泥的初始C/N对污泥发酵产酸类型的影响及产酸代谢途径.初始C/N在12时,形成的是乙酸型发酵类型;当初始C/N在56左右,可实现丙酸型发酵类型;而当C/N处于156时,则形成丁酸型发酵.不同发酵产酸类型的形成是由优势产酸菌群的改变导致的.末端限制性片段长度多态性分析(T-RFLP)微生物种群的结果表明,构成乙酸型发酵类型的主要优势菌群为消化链球菌属;而丙酸型发酵类型中的优势菌群则为丙酸杆菌属;梭菌属则是丁酸型发酵类型中的优势产酸功能菌.有机酸代谢途径中关键酶活性检测结果表明,在低C/N条件下,乙酸的累积主要是通过氨基酸之间的Stickland反应形成,而随着C/N值的增大,导致丙酸和丁酸累积的主要代谢途径转变为糖酵解的丙酮酸途径.     

燃煤企业大规模低碳资源化处置污泥的对策研究

分析了燃煤企业低碳化现状和利用污泥资源化的可能性。针对目前燃煤企业处置污泥缺少系统规划、缺少政策支持、缺少处置监控、缺乏处置技术规范和关键技术基础研究不够等问题,提出了统筹规划污水处理行业污泥处置,强化落实国家污泥处理处置政策,加强污泥处理处置行业的监控、技术规范和污泥处置关键技术的基础研究等燃煤企业大规模资源化处置污泥的对策。