Preparation of colloidal gold immunochromatography strip for detection of methamidophos residue

Methamidophos (Met) is a broad spectrum organophosphorus insecticide and acaricide.Even a trace of its residue is harmful to humans and many animals.In this study,the synthesis and identification of colloidal gold particles and antibody-colloidal gold conjugates were performed,and the preparation of colloidal gold immunochromatography strip was conducted for detection of Met residue.The size of colloidal gold particles was checked using a transmission electron microscope (TEM).The formation of antibody-coll...     

甲胺磷农药废水处理工艺研究

甲胺磷农药废水包括氯化废水和胺化废水,含有少量三氯硫磷、有机磷中间体、甲醇、氨、甲基氯化物和粗胺化合物。废水处理工艺条件的实验研究表明,在温度１００℃、压力７４．６６ｋＰａ、酸度ｐＨ１左右的条件下废水中的有机磷能有效地被酸解为无机磷化合物。     

红树林土壤微生物对甲胺磷的降解

连续３年（ａ）的试验结果表明：红树林土壤微生物对农药甲胺磷有较强的降解能力,其降解率是同潮带无红树林土壤微生物的２－３倍;红树林土壤中存在着降解甲胺 磷的优势细菌类群,从中筛选得一株高效降解菌,其降解率可达７０％以上（１２ｄ后）;混合菌的降解能力优于单株菌;优势降解菌在一定浓度的甲胺磷、适宜的通气、温度和光照等条件下,可发挥更佳的降解作用;在降解过程中,降解优势细菌类群有着明显菌群变化,那种一直占     

鲁氏酵母菌WY-3降解甲胺磷的性能

从污水中分离出一株酵母菌,编号WY-3.该菌能利用甲胺磷(MAP)作唯一氮、磷源生长,也能利用甲胺、乙胺和硫酸铵(硝酸盐和羟胺除外)作氮源生长,它还能适应高浓度(60%)葡萄糖的培养条件,初步鉴定为鲁氏酵母菌(Saccharomyces rouxii).从WY-3菌无细胞抽提液中检测到一种高活力酸性磷酸酶,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳活性染色法呈现一条白色谱带.氟化钠试剂可抑制该酶催化MAP释放无机磷,但是不影响该菌代谢MAP脱氨基的性能.MAP经WY-3菌作用后毒性会大大降低,分析其残留物时发现有无机磷和甲醇物质.此外,文中还对酵母菌一类共代谢菌降解MAP的途径进行了探讨.     

甲胺磷生产废水处理试验研究

提出三条处理甲胺磷生产废水的工艺路线：（１）胺化废水脱氨处理,甲基氯化物废水水解处理,然后混合生化处理;（２）胺化废水脱氨处理后与甲基氯化物原水混合一段生化处理;（３）胺化废水脱氨处理后与甲基氯化物原水混合二段生化处理。对影响废水脱氨、有机磷水解率和生化处理效果的各种因素进行了试验研究,分析了甲胺磷废水水解生成物,筛选出生化处理甲胺磷废水的优势菌种。     

甲胺磷农药污染对土壤动物影响的研究

应用甲胺磷农药对土壤动物进行污染模拟实验。结果表明,甲胺磷农药对土壤动物有明显影响,并随着甲胺磷溶液处理浓度的增加,土壤动物的种类和数量显著减少;多样性系数,高处理浓度时为３．７５９６,低处理浓度时为５．７９６２,对照组则为８．５７１４。大型土壤动物蚯蚓的染毒实验表明。甲胺磷对蚯蚓有明显的致死作用。     

超声波诱导降解甲胺磷

报道了用超声波诱导降解模拟水中低浓度甲胺磷农药的可行性试验.试验中探讨了声强、辐射时间、温度、初始pH和外加亚铁盐或H2O2等对降解效果的影响.试验结果表明,在甲胺磷浓度为1.0×10-4mol/L、起始pH2.5、温度30℃、Fe2+＞50mg/L、充O2至饱和的条件下,用低频超声波(80W/cm2)连续辐照120min,甲胺磷去除率达到99.3%.     

Degradation of disulfoton,oxydemeton‐methyl,methamidophos and demeton in asparagus plant

Abstract

Disulfoton and methamidophos (both at 1.12 kg a.i./ha), oxydemeton‐methyl and demeton, (both at 0.56 kg a.i./ha) were applied as post‐harvest foliar sprays to control the European asparagus aphid, Brachycolus asparagi. Oxidation of disulfoton, oxydemeton‐methyl and demeton to their corresponding sulfoxides and sulfones occurred in asparagus foliage 2 to 5 days after application. The total residues of these three compounds, including their toxic oxidative metabolites declined to less than 0.5 ppm about 47 days after the spray application whereas methamidophos persisted longer; 0.84 ppm of its residue was found even after 85 days. No residue was found above the limit of detection of 0.002 ppm in any asparagus spears which were produced in the following spring; the four compounds were sprayed on the asparagus plants during the previous season at realistic rates for aphid control.     

超声波诱导降解甲胺磷的研究

本文报道了功率超声诱导化学降解低浓度甲胺磷农药模拟废水的新方法.考察了声强、辐射时间、介质温度、初始pH值、外加Fe2+或H2O2等因素对其超声化学降解的影响.试验结果表明,甲胺磷水溶液的初始浓度为1.0×10-4mol.l-1, pH0为2.5,介质温度30℃,Fe2+加入量为50mg.l-1,溶液中充入氧气饱和,经80W.cm-2功率超声辐射2h,其CODCr平均去除率达99.3%,甲胺磷的平均降解率为99.6%.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.