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91.
肼类燃料(肼、甲基肼和偏二甲肼)排放于大气中时,可与大气组分;氧、二氧化碳、水、臭氧、氮氧化物、二氧化硫等发生反应,降解主要产物是氮气、水、甲烷或偏除,在紫外光照射条件下可发生光解。本文详细论述了肼、甲基肼和偏二甲肼与大气中的氧气、臭氧和氮氧化物的反应历程及降解机理,其中某些降解产物毒性比肼类燃料本身更大。 相似文献
92.
93.
Effect of electrokinetic transport on the vulnerability of PAH-degrading bacteria in a model aquifer
There has been increasing interest in employing electro-bioremediation, a hybrid technology of bioremediation and electrokinetics,
to overcome the low bioavailability of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOC) by homogenizing sorption-retarded HOC and immobilised
microorganisms. Present electro-remediation approaches mainly aim at macroscale pollutant extraction and tend to neglect possible
impacts of direct current (DC) on the physiology of microorganisms. The effect of weak electric fields (X = 1 V cm−1) on the fitness of electrokinetically dispersed fluorene-degrading Sphingomonas sp. LB126 in bench-scale model aquifers was investigated by flow cytometry using propidium iodide (PI) as an indicator that
distinguishes between PI-permeable (cells with porous membranes, i.e. dead or vulnerable) and PI-impermeable bacteria. After
15.5 h of DC treatment 56% of all cells recovered were dispersed at the centimetre scale relative to 29% in the absence of
DC. There was no overall negative effect of the 15.5-h DC treatment on cell vulnerability, as 7.0% of the DC-treated bacteria
exhibited PI-staining compared to 6.5% of the control population. Minor differences were observed in the subpopulation that
had been mobilised by electroosmosis with an approximately twofold increase in the percentage of PI-stained cells relative
to the control. Enhanced PI staining did not correlate with reduced culturability of the cells on rich-medium agar plates.
Relative to the control, DC-treated cells mobilised by electroosmosis were threefold more culturable, confirming earlier data
that that PI-cell membrane permeability does not always indicate reduced viability of oligotrophic environmental bacteria.
Our findings suggest that electrokinetics is a valuable mechanism to transport viable and culturable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
(PAH)-degrading bacteria in soil or sediments. 相似文献
94.
考察了手性农药2,4-滴丙酸甲酯(DCPPM)生物降解过程中的对映体选择性,通过驯化、培养分离了1株对其具有降解能力的菌株DP,并且运用手性毛细管气相色谱测定了DCPPM在降解过程中的对映体分数(EF),评价了DCPPM在水相中的对映体选择性生物降解.研究表明在菌株DP接种过的介质中,2个对映异构体均被迅速降解,但是R型DCPPM的逸散速度明显快于相对应的S型;EF值发生了显著的偏离,从一开始的0.5变化到最后的1.证实了该菌种对DCPPM的降解存在着对映体选择性. 相似文献
95.
Aerobic degradation of methyl tert-butyl ether by a Proteobacteria strain in a closed culture system 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The contamination of methyl ten-butyl ether (MTBE) in underground waters has become a widely concerned problem all over the world. In this study, a novel dosed culture system with oxygen supplied by H2O2 was introduced for MTBE aerobic biodegradation. After 7 d, almost all MTBE was degraded by a pure culture, a member of β-Proteobacteria named as PMI, in a closed system with oxygen supply, while only 40% MTBE was degraded in one without oxygen supply. Dissolved oxygen (DO) levels of the broth in closed systems respectively with and without H2O2 were about 5-6 and 4 mg/L. Higher DO may improve the activity of monooxygemase, which is the key enzyme of metabolic pathway from MTBE to tert-butyl alcohol and finally to CO2, and may result in the increase of the degrading activity of PM1 cell. The purge and trap GC-MS result of the broth in closed systems showed that tea-butyl alcohol, isopronol and acetone were the main intermediate products. 相似文献
96.
Seyyed Salar Meshkat Ebrahim Ghasemy Alimorad Rashidi Omid Tavakoli Mehdi Esrafili 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(5):109
97.
98.
平板构型太阳光催化反应系统中甲基橙降解脱色研究 总被引:38,自引:1,他引:38
利用太阳光作为光源,采用自制的非聚焦开放式平板构型光催化反应装置和二氧化钛悬浆体系,以甲基橙溶液光催化脱色为依据,考虑了不同催化剂投加量、溶液初始浓度、UV辐射强度及体系流量等因素条件下,反应系统的运行情况.实验结果表明,自制的平板式太阳光反应系统能够很好的利用太阳光,在较广泛的运行条件下均能达到较高的去污效果.本实验的最佳运行条件为:平均UV光照强度2693W/m2的晴天,TiO2催化剂投加量1g/L,系统循环流量1600L/h,初始浓度为20mg/L的甲基橙溶液15L,光照1h色度去除率达836%以上,光照2h达979%. 相似文献
99.
利用盆栽试验研究了不同质量浓度嘧磺隆对大白菜、小麦的毒性及其残效危害。结果表明,嘧磺隆对大白菜和小麦均可产生明显毒害症状,生物学指标明显劣于对照;嘧磺隆可降低大白菜和小麦叶绿素含量,并使叶片细胞膜和原生质遭到破坏,导致叶片浸出液电导率增大;当嘧磺隆质量浓度为0.01mg/L时,对大白菜的产量有品著影响,可使产量降低51.1%;嘧磺隆质量浓度大于0.1mg/L时,其残效对后茬作物有毒害作用,而质量浓度小于0.01mg/L时则没有明显影响;在小麦返青期用质量浓度大于0.01mg/L的嘧磺隆处理时,小麦受到不同程度的危害,当质量浓度增大到0.1mg/L时,小麦生物学产量则显著下降。 相似文献
100.
Trapp S Yu X Mosbaek H 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2003,10(6):357-360
BACKGROUND: Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) is the second most highly produced industrial chemical in the US and a frequent groundwater pollutant. At the same time, MTBE is quite persistent to biotic and abiotic decomposition. The goal of this study was to find plant species that could degrade MTBE and might be used in phytoremediation. METHODS: Excised roots and leaves (0.3 g) from more than 24 Danish plant species out of 15 families were kept in glass vessels with 25 ml spiked aqueous solution for 2 to 4 days. MTBE concentrations were 1 to 5 mg/L. Samples were taken directly from the solution with a needle and injected to a purge and trap unit. MTBE and the main metabolite, TBA, were measured by GC/FID. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Solutions with roots of poplar (Populus robusta) and a willow hybrid (Salix viminalis x schwerinii) produced TBA in trace amounts, probably stemming from bacteria. Significant MTBE reduction (> 10%) was not observed in any of the tests. Leaves from none of the species (trees, grasses and herbs) reduced the concentration of MTBE in the solution and no TBA, nor any other known metabolite of MTBE, was detected. CONCLUSION: It was not possible to find plants capable of efficiently degrading MTBE. This gives rise to the conclusion that plants probably cannot degrade MTBE at all, or only very slowly. RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOK: For phytoremediation projects, this has, as consequence, that the volatilization by plants (except with genetically engineered plants) is the only relevant removal process for MTBE. For risk assessment of MTBE, degradation by the plant empire is not a relevant sink process. 相似文献