Ti/Sb-SnO2功能电极的制备及电化学处理废水的性能

采用热分解法制备了Ti/Sb-SnO2电极,并用XRD、SEM对电极涂层进行表征.研究了涂层次数对于析氧过电位的影响,应用阳极快速寿命测试法测试了Ti/Sb-SnO2电极的使用寿命,通过极化曲线考察了电极的析氧过电位.采用该电极对甲基橙模拟废水进行了电化学降解实验,并考察此电极处理实际废水的效果.研究表明,随着涂层次数...     

Zn-TiO2纳米管的光催化活性

采用水热合成-浸渍法制备锌掺杂TiO2纳米管(Zn-TiO2纳米管),透射电镜照片显示Zn-TiO2纳米管为两端开口形貌均一的中空管状结构,管径约6～8 nm,壁厚约1 nm,长度约50～200 nm。研究了Zn-TiO2纳米管对甲基橙的光催化性能,结果表明:掺杂适量锌提高了TiO2纳米管对甲基橙的光催化降解性能,0.4%Zn-TiO2纳米管的光催化性能最佳。同时还探讨了Zn-TiO2纳米管用量和初始pH值等因素对光催化降解甲基橙的影响,结果显示Zn-TiO2纳米管能有效地降解甲基橙。随着光催化反应进行,CODCr去除率和脱色率变化规律不完全相同,可能是由于芳基和烷基降解速率不同所致。     

改性稻壳生物炭对水溶液中甲基橙的吸附效果与机制

本文以废弃稻壳为原料,通过不同改性方法将其制成生物炭吸附剂,并用于水体中甲基橙(MO)的吸附.通过氮吸附、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶转换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜分析(SEM)、热重分析(TG)、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术分析了改性剂种类、浸渍比和热解温度对生物炭的物理化学性质及对MO吸附量的影响,发现热解温度为400℃,以ZnCl_2为改性剂,浸渍比为2∶1时制备的生物炭Z2RT400对MO的去除效果最好.以Z2RT400为吸附剂,探究吸附剂添加量、吸附时间、初始污染物浓度、溶液pH等对甲基橙吸附效果的影响,结果表明,饱和吸附时间为420 min,吸附反应的最佳pH为4,当吸附剂用量为10 mg,初始甲基橙浓度为2 000 mg·L~(-1)时,Z2RT400对MO的最大吸附量可达1 967. 72 mg·g~(-1);当吸附剂添加量为80 mg时,去除率最高可达99. 52%.此外,对吸附机制进行分析,发现吸附等温线数据符合Freundlich模型,吸附动力学数据符合拟二级动力学模型,说明吸附以化学吸附为主,物理吸附为辅.因此,废弃稻壳为原料改性制备的生物炭可作为高效的有机染料吸附剂,并应用于水体中污染物的治理.     

Exposure to Methyl Methacrylate and Its Subjective Symptoms Among Dental Technicians,Tehran, Iran

Exposure to methyl methacrylate (MMA), total dust and health symptoms were investigated in 20 dental laboratories located in Tehran, Iran. Time-weighted average (TWA) of MMA and peak concentrations were determined, using XAD-2 tubes followed by GC-ID analysis. Total dusts were evaluated gravimetrically. Health symptoms were asked using a questionnaire. TWA for technicians with direct and indirect exposure to MMA were 327.28 ± 79.42 and 282.9 ± 41.84 mg/m³ , respectively. Peak concentration of MMA for those technicians were 337.0 ± 36.81 and 328.88 ± 45.40 mg/m³, respectively.

There were no significant differences between TWA of MMA and peak concentration in different weekly workdays; however, within-day variations were observed (P < .05).

TWA of MMA and peak concentration correlation with the laboratory volume were 0.61-0.65. Dust exposure of technicians was 2.35 ± 2.70 mg/m³. Cough and skin dryness were the common health symptoms. Smoking and asbestos exposure history were factors influencing cough prevalence (p < .05).

It is concluded that the current Short-Term Exposure Limit (STEL) is not low enough to protect technicians against the adverse effects caused by MMA.     

沉淀-Fenton氧化预处理甲基硫菌灵废水

研究沉淀-Fenton氧化对甲基硫菌灵生产废水的预处理,考察SCN^-和CODcr的去除效果。先加入Cu-SO4和Na2S2O3对SCN^-进行沉淀,考察CuSO4和Na2S2O3加入量对CODcr去除率的影响;对沉淀后水样进行Fenton氧化,通过改变pH值、H2O2浓度、Fe^2＋浓度、反应时间等得出该农药废水在常温下的最佳操作条件。实验结果表明,经过沉淀处理后的废水,pH值为4、H2O2投加量为6～7 g/L、Fe^2＋投加量为1.2～1.5 g/L,氧化时间为2～4 h,CODcr浓度从12 000 mg/L降至3 600 mg/L,总去除率达到了70%。     

Sensitivity of green and blue-green algae to methyl tert-butyl ether

The toxicity of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) to Chlorella ellipsoidea and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was tested and assessed for a 15-d incubation with concentrations of MTBE from high (2.00×104 mg/L) to low (2 mg/L). The results showed that the toxicity was low when the concentration of MTBE was in the range 1.00×104-2.00×104 mg/L (the greatest inhibition of growth-rate was 70%-71%, occurred during the day 1-5). Low concentrations (2-500 mg/L) stimulated algal growth up to the greatest effect of 85%-200% w...     

TiO2/陶粒光催化降解甲基橙研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了以陶粒为载体的新型、高光催化活性的复合光催化剂TiO2/陶粒,使用XRD、TG-DTA、FT-IR进行表征;以甲基橙为目标降解物,考察了焙烧温度、催化剂投加量、初始pH值等因素对甲基橙去除效果的影响。结果表明:甲基橙初始浓度为100 mg/L时,最佳降解条件是pH=3,焙烧温度700℃,催化剂投加量30 g/L。     

Rush-hour aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons in selected subway stations of Shanghai, China

Air samples were collected simultaneously at platform, mezzanine and outdoor in five typical stations of subway system in Shanghai, China using stainless steel canisters and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass selective detector (GC-MSD) after cryogenic preconcentration. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) at the platforms and mezzanines inside the stations averaged (10.3 ± 2.1), (38.7 ± 9.0), (19.4 ± 10.1) and (30.0 ± 11.1) μg/m³, respectively; while trichloroethylene (TrCE), tetrachloroethylene (TeCE) and para-dichlorobenzene (pDCB), vinyl chloride and carbon tetrachloride were the most abundant chlorinated hydrocarbons inside the stations with average levels of (3.6 ± 1.3), (1.3 ± 0.5), (4.1 ± 1.1), (2.2 ± 1.1) and (1.2 ± 0.3) μg/m³, respectively. Mean levels of major aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons were higher indoor (platforms and mezzanines) than outdoor with average indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios of 1.1-9.5, whereas no significant indoor/outdoor differences were found except for benzene and TrCE. The highly significant mutual correlations (p < 0.01) for BTEX between indoor and outdoor and their significant correlation (p < 0.05) with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), a marker of traffic-related emission without other indoor and outdoor sources, indicated that BTEX were introduced into the subway stations from indoor/outdoor air exchange and traffic emission should be their dominant source. TrCE and pDCB were mainly from indoor emission and TeCE might have both indoor emission sources and contribution from outdoor air, especially in the mezzanines.     

双氧水敏化二氧化钛的制备及表征

利用超声分散法,以钛酸丁酯为主要原料,以双氧水为敏化剂,无水乙醇作为溶剂,冰醋酸作为抑制剂,制备双氧水敏化的二氧化钛粉体。并通过X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对产品进行表征。同时研究不同影响因素对甲基橙去除率的影响。实验结果显示,当焙烧温度为550℃,H2O2浓度为0.3%,催化剂投加量为0.5 g/L时,可制备出降解甲基橙溶液效果较好的二氧化钛。     

蒽醌-2-磺酸钠促进Klebsiella oxytocaGS-4-08脱色产氢机制与产能分析

采用0~0.5 mmol·L~(-1)蒽醌-2-磺酸钠(AQS)研究其对Klebsiella oxytoca GS-4-08厌氧降解甲基橙(MO)的影响,对比细菌产氢、降解碳源及生成产物等情况,得出最佳浓度为0.1 mmol·L~(-1).在该浓度下,Klebsiella oxytoca GS-4-08可在10 h内完全脱色MO,25 h内降解蔗糖达到92%,同时产生0.117 mol·mol~(-1)乙醇和0.116 mol·mol~(-1)乙酸,2.25 mol·mol~(-1)氢气;将实验结果与已有研究进行对比,分析了AQS促进Klebsiella oxytoca GS-4-08厌氧脱色MO与产氢的机制.通过将细菌降解过程中的物质转换为COD进行对比,对降解过程中电子转移进行了分析,得到0.1 mmol·L~(-1)AQS浓度时电子得率最高,其为87.98%;并将细菌降解过程中的能源转换进行对比,得到0.1 mmol·L~(-1)AQS浓度时能源产量最高,其为802 k J·mol~(-1);同时得出Klebsiella oxytoca GS-4-08发酵过程可产生两种以上生物燃料,表明了其在工业生产应用上的前景.