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371.
研究微波诱导鳞片石墨-H2O 2催化氧化处理甲基紫废水工艺,探讨各种因素的协同作用及对废水脱色效果的影响,并采用SEM、EDX、XRD和FTIR对新鲜及使用6次后的鳞片石墨进行表征。结果表明,微波诱导鳞片石墨-H2O2能高效快速降解废水中的甲基紫;在50 mL初始pH为3,质量浓度为10 mg/L的甲基紫废水中, H2O2用量1 mL/L,鳞片石墨 3 g/L,微波输出功率259 W,微波辐射时间9 min的最佳处理工艺条件下,甲基紫脱色率达到了98.80%;微波、鳞片石墨、H2O2体系对甲基紫废水降解效果明显,产生协同效应。紫外-可见光谱分析表明,废水中甲基紫结构被破坏,但仍含有少量苯环等小分子。动力学研究表明,脱色反应符合一级反应动力学规律,反应速率常数k为0.42613 min-1,反应半衰期t1/2为1.626 min。 相似文献
372.
373.
Jitendra Kumar Keyath Nisar N. A. Shakil Suresh Walia Rajender Parsad 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):330-335
Controlled release (CR) formulations of metribuzin in Polyvinyl chloride [(PVC) (emulsion)], carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC), and carboxy methyl cellulose-kaolinite composite (CMC-KAO), are reported. Kinetics of its release in water and soil was studied in comparison with the commercial formulation (75 DF). Metribuzin from the commercial formulation became non-detectable after 35 days whereas it attained maxima between 35–49 days and became non-detectable after 63 days in the developed products. Amongst the CR formulations, the release in both water and soil was the fastest in CMC and slowest in PVC. The CMC-KAO composite reduced the rate of release as compared to CMC alone. The diffusion exponent (n value) of metribuzin in water and soil ranged from 0.515 to 0.745 and 0.662 to 1.296, respectively in the various formulations. The release was diffusion controlled with half release time (t1/2) from different controlled release matrices of 12.98 to 47.63 days in water and 16.90 to 51.79 days in soil. It was 3.25 and 4.66 days, respectively in the commercial formulation. The period of optimum availability of metribuzin in water and soil from controlled released formulations ranged from 15.09 to 31.68 and 17.99 to 34.72 days as against 5.03 and 8.80 days in the commercial formulation. 相似文献
374.
Thiago M. R. Araújo Maria C. Canela Paulo C. M. L. Miranda 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):251-259
This work presents a study of the abiotic degradation of commercially available methyl parathion in aqueous solution at two different concentrations (88 mg/L and 200 μg/L). The effects of solar irradiation and the presence of humic acids were evaluated and revealed a synergistic response between them. The half-life of methyl parathion ranged from 4.9 to 37 days, and the experimental data also show that photochemical processes were the most relevant in this case. The only byproduct found in samples submitted to shadowed conditions was 4-nitrophenol. On the other hand, 4-nitrophenol, methyl paraoxon and a new degradation product (O,O-dimethyl O-p-hydroxyphenyl phosphorothioate) were detected when the samples were exposed directly to sunlight. This newly identified compound was prepared in the laboratory by thiophosphorylation of hydroquinone, and coelution experiments with authentic samples provided unambiguous confirmation of the presence of O,O-dimethyl O-p-hydroxy phenylphosphorothioate in samples. 相似文献
375.
采用树脂负载零价纳米铁(NZVI-resin)作为铁源,活化过硫酸钠,产生硫酸根自由基氧化降解偶氮染料甲基橙。考察了温度、NZVI-resin加入量、pH值及过硫酸钠的浓度等因素对甲基橙降解率的影响,并对其降解动力学规律作了初步探讨。结果表明:降解反应遵循准一级反应动力学,在pH=3.0、Fe0=0.2 g.L-1、Na2S2O8=1.33 g.L-1的条件下,30 mg.L-1的甲基橙溶液降解率为99.7%。 相似文献
376.
La3+-TiO2/斜发沸石光催化剂的制备及其对甲基橙的光催化性能 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
以钛酸丁酯、La2O3、斜发沸石为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La^3+ -TiO2/斜发沸石光催化剂。利用红外光谱、热重-示差扫描量热、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等方法对所制备的光催化剂进行了表征。以甲基橙为目标物,太阳光为光源,对光催化剂的性能进行了评价。实验结果表明:w(La3+)=0.5%的光催化剂经400℃热处理3h后对甲基橙的光催化效果最好,甲基橙的降解率达92%;反应温度越高,降解率越高,40℃下反应3h时的降解率达97%;溶液pH为5时,降解率达92%。 相似文献
377.
通过对来自美国加州拉玛达(La Mirada)市污染点的原始菌源炭进行甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)降解菌生物强化,试图建立具有更有效MTBE降解效果的生物活性炭(BAC)功能,尝试利用新形成的菌源炭覆盖新鲜椰壳活性炭(GAC)而达到新BAC功能的快速有效启动,并考察不同空床停留时间(EBCT)、GAC吸附饱和状态对BAC功能启动的影响。同时,对具有成熟BAC功能的炭柱中的混合菌落进行基于16SrDNA的聚合酶链反应(PCR)—变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分析,以确定混合菌落中的主要功能菌种属。结果表明,针对模拟的低MTBE浓度进水,新鲜GAC和菌源炭A添加体积分数分别为40%和60%的NAS柱出水MTBE质量浓度最终稳定低于0.005mg/L,平均去除率接近99%,出水MTBE完全达到美国环境保护署(EPA)的饮用水建议阈值(<20μg/L),建立了成熟的BAC功能;成熟的菌源炭可在30d左右通过覆盖法迅速实现新BAC功能的启动;EBCT的延长有利于新BAC功能的启动和维持,接种初期应尽量采用较长EBCT以保证取得足够和稳定的生物量;MTBE吸附饱和前后的GAC在启动新BAC功能时存在差异,鉴于吸附饱和GAC在接种初期会因MTBE解吸而造成出水MTBE浓度较高,建议采用新鲜活性炭覆盖需接种炭柱;BAC功能成熟炭柱中包括的5种主要菌种里有4种为未培养微生物,1种为未分类菌种,其理化性质和具体属性尚不明确。 相似文献
378.
A combination system of biotrickling filter (BTF) and biofilter (BF), adopting surfactant-modified clinoptilolite and surfactant- modified wood chip as the media respectively, was applied to treat H2S and NH3 simultaneously. The identification and sole carbon sources utilization patterns of isolates in the combination system were studied by Biolog system. The isolates were identified as Bacillus sphaericus, Geobacillus themoglucosidasius (55℃) and Micrococcus luteus (ATCC 9341) in BTF, and Aspergillus sydowii (Bainier & Sartory) Thom& Church in BE Among 95 substrate classes supplied by Biolog system, the carboxylic acids and methyl esters had the highest utilization extent for the four species, followed by the amino acids and peptides. The descending sequence of carbon sources utilization capability of isolates was A. sydowii (52.6%), M. luteus (39.5%), B. sphaericus (21.6%), and G. thermoglucosidasius (17.7%). 相似文献
379.
Seurinck S Deschepper E Deboch B Verstraete W Siciliano S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,114(1-3):433-445
Microbial source tracking (MST) methods need to be rapid, inexpensive and accurate. Unfortunately, many MST methods provide a wealth of information that is difficult to interpret by the regulators who use this information to make decisions. This paper describes the use of classification tree analysis to interpret the results of a MST method based on fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles of Escherichia coli isolates, and to present results in a format readily interpretable by water quality managers. Raw sewage E. coli isolates and animal E. coli isolates from cow, dog, gull, and horse were isolated and their FAME profiles collected. Correct classification rates determined with leaveone-out cross-validation resulted in an overall low correct classification rate of 61%. A higher overall correct classification rate of 85% was obtained when the animal isolates were pooled together and compared to the raw sewage isolates. Bootstrap aggregation or adaptive resampling and combining of the FAME profile data increased correct classification rates substantially. Other MST methods may be better suited to differentiate between different fecal sources but classification tree analysis has enabled us to distinguish raw sewage from animal E. coli isolates, which previously had not been possible with other multivariate methods such as principal component analysis and cluster analysis. 相似文献
380.
以过一硫酸氢盐(PMS)作为氧化剂,利用化学吸收氧化法去除甲硫醇(CH3SH)恶臭气体.研究了p H(2~13)对CH3SH吸收过程、PMS氧化降解CH3SH过程的影响.结果表明,PMS不同于H2O2,在p H小于CH3SH p Ka(10.3)的弱碱性条件(p H=8~10)下,也可以有效去除CH3SH,而此时H2O2对CH3SH没有去除效果.可能的原因是,在弱碱性条件(p H=8~10)下PMS或可能产生的活性物种在气液相界面直接快速氧化CH3SH分子. 相似文献