Ecotoxicological assessment of doxycycline in soil

Doxycycline has been used in continually increasing quantities for mass treatment of food animals because of its greater bioavailability relative to older tetracyclines. The study presented in this paper was undertaken to investigate the degradation rate of the tetracycline derivative in manure-amended soil. In the present experiment, following composting, the doxycycline-contaminated manure was applied to agricultural land, and a field study was performed to investigate the degradation rate of doxycycline in soil. By the end of the 20-week sampling period, about 20 %, 33 % and 18 % of the initial doxycycline concentrations could be measured in soil samples taken at three different soil depths. The calculated half-life of doxycycline in the soil was 66.5, 76.3 and 59.4 days at depths of 0 cm, 25 cm and 50 cm, respectively. The potential effect of doxycycline on soil microbial activity was demonstrated by the nitrogen transformation test performed in compliance with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Guideline No. 216. On day 28, the following nitrate concentrations of the control soil sample were found in the soil samples treated with different amounts of doxycycline: 76.9 %, 53.0 %, 65.6 %, 59.7 % and 77.1 %.     

Degradation of chlorpyrifos and its hydrolysis product, 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol,in soil

Abstract

The degradation of ¹⁴C‐chlorpyrifos and its hydrolysis product, 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol (TCP), was investigated in soil in laboratory experiments. Between 12 and 57% of the applied chlorpyrifos persisted in a variety of agricultural soils after a 4‐week incubation. Concentrations of TCP present in these soils ranged from 1 to 34% of the applied dose. Two patterns of persistence were observed. In some soils, significant quantities of TCP and soil‐bound residues were produced, but little ¹⁴CO₂. In other soils, neither TCP nor soil‐bound residues accumulated, but large quantities of ¹⁴CO₂ were evolved. Direct treatment of fresh samples of each of these soils with ¹⁴C‐TCP resulted in rapid mineralization of TCP to ¹⁴CO₂ only in those soils in which TCP had not accumulated after chlorpyrifos treatment. The rapid mineralization of TCP in these soils was microbially mediated, but populations of soil microorganisms capable of using TCP as a sole carbon‐energy source were not detected.     

总氮提标改造工程的微生物群落结构分析

对出水ρ［总氮（TN）］<1.5 mg·L^-1的市政污水处理厂（WWTP）的活性污泥进行微生物群落结构分析,揭示同一污水厂常规生化（WLK_OD）段和深度脱氮（WLK_AD）段的微生物群落多样性差异及功能差异.通过16S rRNA基因高通量测序及分析,结果表明相较于WLK_OD,WLK_AD中微生物群落具有较低均匀性,是因为特定的环境对微生物进行了选择.Proteobacteria在WLK_AD中富集且相对丰度达到70.11%.Thauera、Flavobacterium、Hydrogenophaga和Zoogloea等反硝化菌为WLK_AD中新增的优势菌,在两工段不同的生态位和微生物生长动力学共同作用下,体系内的反硝化菌发生演替.通过组间比较（P<0.05）,演替的优势反硝化菌在两个工段中有显著差异.此外,通过共现网络模块化分析结果表明,不同的水质环境对微生物群落结构具有影响.通过冗余分析发现COD和TN的去除率对微生物群落结构影响最大,Saccharibacteria、Thermomarinilinea、Terrimonas和Comamonas与COD的去除率呈正相关,而Dokdonella、Thauera、Flavobacterium和Zoogloea等反硝化菌与TN的去除率呈正相关.在WLK_AD中,NO₃^--N和TN的去除率较高,Novosphingobium、Dokdonella、Thauera和Sphingomonas等反硝化功能菌相对丰度也较高,它们协同去除TN,实现出水ρ（TN）<1.5 mg·L^-1.功能预测结果表明WLK_AD中编码反硝化酶的基因丰度更高.     

不同外碳源对尾水极限脱氮性能及微生物群落结构的影响

投加外碳源是污水厂尾水深度脱氮的重要手段.为充分对比多种碳源在极限脱氮条件下的性能及经济性,以及碳源对微生物种群结构的影响,选取甲醇、乙醇、葡萄糖和乙酸钠这4种单碳源,并采用反应速率较高的乙酸钠和乙醇与价格便宜的葡萄糖配制成4种复合碳源进行研究.结果表明,所有系统均能满足出水ρ（NO_x^--N）≤1.0mg·L^-1的要求.单碳源系统,乙醇反应速率最快,投加量最省,费用最低.复合碳源系统,乙酸钠/葡萄糖（1：1）在COD/ρ（N）为6时,与乙酸钠/葡萄糖（1：3）、乙醇/葡萄糖（1：1）和乙醇/葡萄糖（1：3）在COD/ρ（N）为9、10和10时的效果相当,且乙酸钠/葡萄糖（1：1）系统反应速率最快且经济性最好.Illumina MiSeq高通量测序显示,经70 d左右的运行,微生物群落结构发生根本性变化.在与葡萄糖相关的系统,常规脱氮系统不常见的菌门Candidatus Saccharibacteria,丰度从种泥的1.16%提高到47.37%;相应地,在属水平Saccharibacteria_genera_incertae_sedis成为绝对优势菌种.研究结果可为污水厂尾水极限脱氮的碳源选择提供更全面的对比,也为碳源在微生物菌群驯化方面的作用提供更多参考和借鉴.     

铁改性石英砂过滤协同控制饮用水含氮消毒副产物和条件致病菌

石英砂在给水工艺中最主要的作用为去除浊度,其固-液界面的微生物作用受到忽视.为了解决普通石英砂(sand)在控制消毒副产物和条件致病菌有限的问题,将普通石英砂改性为铁改性石英砂(Fe-sand),用气相色谱-ECD测定了典型含氮消毒副产物(N-DBPs)和含碳消毒副产物的最大生成势.结果 表明,Fe-sand对卤代硝基...     

低温下活性污泥膨胀的微生物群落结构研究

采用水质参数指标测定和高通量测序技术,探讨了郑州某污水处理厂冬季间歇性污泥膨胀机制.结果表明该厂活性污泥的污泥容积指数(SVI值)的变化与季节温度变化有显著的负相关性,1~4月及12月易发生污泥膨胀,但是不影响出水水质.高通量测序技术分析发现污泥膨胀月份泥样的微生物群落结构要显著不同于未膨胀月份.该厂发生丝状菌污泥膨胀的优势丝状菌为腐螺旋菌科Saprospiraceae和黄杆菌科Flavobacterium.因此,低温导致活性污泥微生物群落结构变化是引起该厂活性污泥膨胀的原因.     

土壤微生物呼吸热适应性与微生物群落及多样性对全球气候变化响应研究

土壤微生物呼吸热适应性被认为是决定陆地生态系统对全球变暖反馈作用的潜在重要机制,可能显著改变未来的气候变化趋势,然而,土壤微生物群落结构变化如何引起土壤微生物呼吸热适应性的研究目前尚存争议.该文针对气候变化对土壤微生物呼吸的影响研究,梳理了当前对土壤微生物呼吸的热适应性是否存在的争议和不同观点与结论,综述了气候变化对土...     

抗番茄青枯病复合菌剂的筛选构建及其防效

通过土壤浸出液培养基和菌间相互拮抗试验,筛选并构建出由能拮抗土传病原菌的拮抗菌系和与之协同、快速繁殖的营养菌系组成的复合菌剂.复合菌剂在25～40 ℃,pH=6.0～8.0条件下生长良好.对番茄青枯病的平板拮抗试验的结果表明,复合菌剂对番茄青枯病病原菌、病土及番茄青枯病株中的微生物均有明显拮抗作用.盆栽试验结果显示,施入复合菌剂,可延缓病土的青枯病发病时间8～19 d并减少发病株数2～3株,防效明显.     

优势菌处理高浓度苯胺工业废水的研究

本文叙述了从自然界分离选育出能降解苯胺的优势菌种，经人工驯化，构建出具有高效降解性能的微生物体系的试验过程，研究确立了优势菌———活性污泥组合技术工艺，并成功地将其用于含苯胺类工业废水的处理。     

微生物法治理室内空气污染的可行性探讨

介绍了我国室内空气中主要污染物的来源及特点，探讨了微生物法在室内空气污染治理上的可行性，分析了微生物法的实际应用所需要突破的技术问题。