连续微滤装置的清洗工艺

通过对国产连续微滤（CMF）装置运行以及清洗后的跨膜压差和膜通量的研究,对该装置的化学清洗工艺进行了优化。结果表明：在过滤运行20min、气一水双洗30s、大流量反冲洗25s、排污10s的运行条件下,CMF装置适宜的化学清洗周期为60d;最佳化学清洗方法是用高锰酸钾、盐酸和草酸溶液冲洗并与多段水洗工艺相结合。该工艺提高了化学清洗的效率,清洗后装置的跨膜压差最多可减少0．0150MPa。     

油田采出水膜法处理技术应用研究进展

油田采出水的处理回用是一种必然的趋势.膜法处理技术可以解决传统水处理中存在的问题,有效地去除采出水中的油类、细菌、硬度,防止油层堵塞、结垢和外排水的环境污染,对于促进油气田可持续发展、水资源再利用和环境保护具有非常重要的意义.微滤、超滤和纳滤、反渗透膜技术在油田采出水处理中已有较多的应用研究.超滤在除油和除浊方面表现出...     

旋转直线切向流聚丙烯管式膜器环隙切剖面流场测试

实验研究了旋转直线切向流管式膜器环隙切剖面的流场特征.通过建立膜滤实验装置系统,首次采用PIV激光粒子成像测速系统定量实测了旋转直线切向流管式膜器在不同工况,即不同流体压力、不同入口流量或不同人口切向流速等操作参数下环隙切剖面的流线图和涡量图,并在环隙切剖面内测出了流体切向速度和轴向速度及其分布规律:①在非涡区域,无论操作参数如何变化,在横坐标相同时,靠近旋转切向流人口方向的速度比远离人口方向的速度要大;涡内区域流体的速度一般小于涡外部的流体速度;涡心处速度最低,而且切向速度一般为0;涡心附近的切向速度小     

无机膜过滤黑液的操作条件选择

分别采用孔径为0.8,0.2μm微滤膜和50nm超滤膜过滤草浆黑液,探讨了操作条件对无机膜渗透通量的影响。结果表明,选用0 2或0.8μm孔径的膜,有利于渗透通量的提高并保证截留效果。操作压力在0.25～0.35MPa之间,错流速度不小于5.0m s,温度为60℃时,可以获得较高的渗透通量。黑液本身的性质,如浓度、COD值等,也会对渗透通量产生较大的影响。      

微滤膜技术及应用研究*

随着膜制造技术的发展,微滤膜在油田采出水处理中具有越来越大的优势。文章对微滤膜的特点和过滤分离原理进行了阐述,对比分析了有机高分子微滤膜、无机陶瓷微滤膜和复合微滤膜各自的优缺点、制备工艺以及在油田中的应用情况,针对微滤膜在采油污水处理中膜通量下降快,使用周期短等弱点提出了防止膜污染和膜清洗的措施,并对微滤膜的发展及今后在油田中的应用提出了建议和展望。     

Treatment of phosphate-containing oily wastewater by coagulation and microfiltration

The oily wastewater generated from pretreatment unit of electrocoating industry contains oils, phosphate, organic solvents, and surfactants. In order to improve the removal efficiencies of phosphate and oils, to mitigate the membrane fouling, coagulation for ceramic membrane microfiltration of oily wastewater was performed. The results of filtration tests show that the membrane fouling decreased and the permeate flux and quality increased with coagulation as pretreatment. At the coagulant Ca （OH）2 dosage of 900 mg/L, the removal efficiency of phosphate was increased from 46.4% without coagulation to 99.6%; the removal of COD and oils were 97.0% and 99.8%, respectively. And the permeate flux was about 70% greater than that when Ca（OH）2 was not used. The permeate obtained from coagulation and microfiltration can be reused as make-up water, and the recommended operation conditions for pilot and industrial application are transmembrane pressure of 0.10 MPa and cross-flow velocity of 5 m/s. The comparison results show that 0.2 μm ZrO2 microfilter with coagulation could be used to perform the filtration rather than conventional ultrafilter, with very substantial gain in flux and removal efficiency of phosphate.     

微污染水源水中有机物的分布特征及微滤膜对其的影响作用

本试验是在微污染水源水中有机物分布调查的基础上,采用聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)微滤膜(MF)过滤微污染地表水,考察微滤膜对天然水中有机物的影响作用.试验结果表明,黄浦江微污染水源水中的有机物分子质量主要集中在3~5 k Da和0.2 k Da附近,且疏水性有机物和亲水性有机物所占的比例相当.有机物季节性分布特征明显,冬季溶解性有机碳(DOC)的值偏高,而UV254和比紫外吸光度值(SUVA)则在夏季偏高.黄浦江原水经微滤膜过滤后,有机物构成发生明显变化,膜出水中的亲水性有机物的比例增加,而疏水性有机物的比例降低,DOC和UV254的平均去除率分别为17.73%和15.75%.黄浦江原水及经0.45μm滤膜过滤以去除悬浮物的黄浦江原水分别进行微滤膜过滤,膜比通量的对比发现,在较短时间内两者的膜比通量下降都很明显,而后膜比通量都趋于平缓,变化趋势及结果基本一致,可见,黄浦江水中造成膜通量下降的物质并不是悬浮物,而是溶解性的有机物质.     

旋转切向流与轴向流PA管式膜微滤对比试验研究

设计了一种新型旋转切向流聚丙烯管式膜器。通过建立的旋转切向流强化微滤实验装置系统 ,测定了聚丙烯PA管式膜在不同SiO2 悬浮液浓度和不同流体压力下的膜通量及其相应的时间 ;同时还测定了与旋转切向流相同工况下轴向流PA管的膜通量。实验研究结果表明 ,旋转切向流强化微滤不但系统结构简单 ,而且PA管式膜稳态通量是轴向流稳态通量的 1 6 5～ 2 5倍     

对含油废水处理方法的新探索

含油废水对生态环境造成严重污染。膜分离作为一种能耗低、设备简单、操作方便和分离性能好的技术,在含油废水处理中显示出广阔的应用前景。本文主要介绍了含油废水的特征及其处理方法,分析了微滤、超滤和反渗透等膜分离技术的特点及它们在含油废水中的应用。     

Bisphenol A removal from synthetic municipal wastewater by a bioreactor coupled with either a forward osmotic membrane or a microfiltration membrane unit

Forward osmotic membrane bioreactor is an emerging technology that combines the advantages of forward osmosis and conventional membrane bioreactor. In this paper, bisphenol A removal by using a forward osmotic membrane bioreactor and a conventional membrane bioreactor that shared one biologic reactor was studied. The total removal rate of bisphenol A by the conventional membrane bioreactor and forward osmotic membrane bioreactor was as high as 93.9% and 98%, respectively. Biodegradation plays a dominant role in the total removal of bisphenol A in both processes. In comparison of membrane rejection, the forward osmosis membrane can remove approximately 70% bisphenol A from the feed, much higher than that of the microfiltration membrane (below 10%). Forward osmosis membrane bioreactor should be operated with its BPA loading rate under 0.08 mg·g^-1·d^-1 to guarantee the effluent bisphenol A concentration less than10 μg·L^-1.