Mine rescuers’ heat load during the expenditure of physical effort in a hot environment,using ventilated underwear and selected breathing apparatus

Mine rescuers’ heat load under the same physical effort load (25% of the maximal oxygen uptake), using three types of breathing apparatus, in newly developed heat-removing underwear and outerwear was assessed for typical work conditions of mine rescuers, under milder and harsher ambient conditions of 32 and 38?°C, respectively, both at relative humidity of 85% and air velocity of 1.0?m/s. Expending physical effort at the same load while using different kinds of breathing apparatus resulted in a similar heat load. Under both milder and harsher ambient conditions, heat storage and sweating intensity were greater than the average limit value recommended by hygienic standards, which indicates that the use of breathing apparatus significantly hinders heat exchange with the environment. The developed clothing for mine rescuers was highly rated, and was considered by most people to be better than that used currently.     

不同粒径尾矿中重金属水平迁移转化规律

针对桂北铅锌尾矿中重金属在水平方向上的释放、迁移和转化问题,利用尾矿为研究对象,通过降雨模拟装置进行径流冲刷试验,分析冲刷过程中尾矿重金属浓度和形态的变化。结果表明,在径流冲刷过程中,尾矿中重金属浓度整体呈下降趋势,深度对尾矿中重金属浓度变化的影响不明显,同一深度的尾矿,粒径与其重金属释放量呈负相关关系,粒径小于75μm时重金属Zn减少率高达24%。径流作用下,尾矿的粒径大小与迁移能力成反比。径流冲刷前后,尾矿中重金属含量下降,Cd,Zn和Pb的含量在弱酸提取态下分别减少2.4%,1.6%和0.3%。随降雨时间延长,液相可溶态重金属浓度未发生显著变化,固相颗粒态重金属浓度持续降低,液相颗粒态重金属含量减少最明显。     

煤矿通风机电机温度高故障研究与解决应用

经过充分调研,结合理论分析,从选型、设计制造、试验、运行维护4个方面全面分析煤矿通风机电机温度高的故障原因,从选型、设计、立法与标准制定、执法等方面提出了具体的解决措施,最后结合具体实例,应用提出的措施很好地解决了煤矿通风机电机温度高的故障。     

基于FAHP-MODM的矿井通风系统可靠性综合评价

为了提高矿井通风系统可靠性评价的准确性,结合模糊层次分析法和多目标决策理论对矿井通风系统可靠性进行综合评价。基于人-机-环-管理系统构建评价指标并确定评价策略,确定各指标主观权重和客观权重,利用线性加权法确定综合评价值并通过实例分析矿井通风系统各观测点的可靠性,对其进行优劣排序并得出可靠性等级。评价结果表明,FAHP-MODM可对矿井通风系统可靠性做出准确的评价。     

基于有上下界风量约束的矿井风量极值流算法研究

为解决既有方法不能准确求出矿井最大通风量与最小配风量,从而导致矿井通风系统产生能源浪费或难以满足矿井通风需求,出现安全隐患与改造难度大、潜力低等问题,提出1种基于有上下界风量约束的矿井风量极值流算法.该算法首先利用最大流算法求解满足节点流量平衡与分支上下界容量限制条件的可行流问题,若存在可行流,在求得可行流基础上,再利...     

阳朔典型铅锌矿区流域土壤重金属空间分布特征及来源解析

以广西阳朔县典型铅锌矿为研究对象,对其流域内水系表层土壤中10种金属元素（Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Sb、Hg和Pb）含量进行分析测定.综合运用Pearson相关性分析、主成分分析（PCA）和正定矩阵因子分解法（PMF）等多种方法,识别和定量解析污染源及贡献.在168个表层土壤样本分析数据中,土壤中Zn、Cd、Hg和Pb的含量平均值高于国家土壤环境质量标准,Sb、Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn的含量平均值分别比当地背景值高出约1.01、5.50、3.29、9.11和10.67倍,表明重金属在表层土壤中已经富集.土壤重金属地累积指数（I_geo）结果显示,研究区污染最严重的是Hg,其次为Pb、Zn和Mn.相关性分析和主成分分析结果表明,区内表层土壤中金属污染来源较为复杂,且明显受到人为活动的影响.Cu、Zn、Cd、Sb、As和Pb主要来源于采矿活动;Hg、Cr和Ni由土壤母质控制;Mn和Cd主要来源于工矿与农业活动.PMF模型分析结果表明,表层土壤中金属来源分为3种,工矿活动源、自然源和工矿及农业活动复合源的综合贡献率分别为58.0%、13.5%和28.6%.Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Sb、Hg和Pb以工矿活动源为主,贡献率分别为46.9%、89.6%、45.5%、67.8%、99.3%、58.3%和96.8%;母岩矿物风化和降雨冲刷等自然源对Cr的相对贡献率达到44.6%,对Ni和Hg也分别有23.2%和21.0%的相对贡献率;工矿及农业活动的复合源对Mn和Cd的相对贡献率分别达到75.4%和70.4%.     

粤北地区尾矿库遥感调查与生态环境评价

运用遥感技术,对粤北地区尾矿库进行调查发现,粤北地区尾矿库主要包括金属矿山、非金属矿山、选冶场所尾矿库,安全隐患较多,环境污染较为突出,地质灾害风险明显,二次矿山资源浪费较为严重。近年来,广东省及各市县等地方政府部门加强了对粤北地区尾矿库的管理,取得了一定的成效,未来应进一步加强监管和治理力度,提高尾矿资源利用水平。     

Nutrient status and pollution levels in five areas around a manganese mine in southern China

• The soil TP level was high or extremely high in all areas. • TN, OM and available Cu were insufficient in EA, TA and RA. • All areas reached the heavily polluted level and had high ecological risk levels. • Mn and Cd were the dominant pollutants. Nutrient status and pollution levels are the main factors affecting soil restoration. The nutrient status and pollution levels in five areas, an unexplored mine area (UA), an explored mine area (EA), a tailings area (TA), a reclamation area (RA) and an agricultural area (AA), around the Pingle manganese mine in Guangxi, China, were assessed in this study. The results showed that the average total phosphorus in these five areas ranged from 1.05 to 1.57 mg/kg, corresponding to grades of extremely high and high. The average total nitrogen values were 0.19, 0.69, 0.93, 1.24 and 1.67 mg/kg in EA, TA, RA, UA and AA, corresponding to grades of very low, low, medium-low, medium-high and medium-high, respectively. The average organic matter values were 12.78, 8.92, 22.77, 21.29 and 29.11 mg/kg in EA, TA, RA, UA and AA, which corresponded to grades of medium-low, low, medium-high, medium-high and medium-high, respectively. All these results indicated that the total phosphorus was sufficient in these areas, while the total nitrogen and organic matter were insufficient in EA, TA and RA. The available concentrations of Mn and Zn corresponded to the intermediate grade, while the values for Cu corresponded to the very low grade; these might be another factor restricting ecological reclamation. Contamination and ecological risk assessments based on the single contamination index, Nemerow multi-factor index and potential ecological risk index showed that the five tested areas around the Mn mine were considered heavily polluted and presented high ecological risk. Mn and Cd were the dominant pollutants.     

遗传禁忌搜索的能量均衡深井安全监测WSN分簇路由算法

针对深井巷道无线传感器网络（Wireless Sensor Networks,WSN）安全监测中节点能量消耗不均匀导致网络生命周期较短的问题,在分析低功耗自适应集簇分层型算法（Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy,LEACH）、遗传算法（Genetic Algorithm,GA）和禁忌搜索算法（Tabu Search Algorithm,TS）的基础上,提出遗传禁忌搜索的能量均衡深井安全监测WSN分簇路由算法（GTSR-EB）,以分簇方式来减少数据发送量与寻优开销,利用优化GA算法和TS算法进行多路径搜索以选出一条能耗均衡、路径传输距离最短的最优路径。仿真实验表明:GTSR-EB算法网络存活周期为LEACH算法的2.17倍、GA算法的1.18倍,GTSR-EB网络能量利用率更高、生存周期更长。     

金属矿山员工风险认知与安全行为的关系*

为探索金属矿山员工风险认知与安全行为之间的关系,选取金属矿山冒顶坍塌、中毒窒息和车辆伤害3类常见风险,从风险特征维度的视角提出研究假设。通过设计风险认知与安全行为量表开展调查,并对调查所获的397份问卷进行统计分析,利用相关分析、回归分析和中介效应对研究假设进行检验。研究结果表明:员工风险认知对安全行为有显著正向影响作用;风险熟悉度与员工风险认知存在显著正向关系,可用于表征员工风险认知;风险熟悉度对安全行为具有显著正向影响作用,且风险认知在这一过程中起部分中介作用;风险可控性和恐惧性在风险认知对安全行为作用过程中分别起负向调节和正向调节作用;风险自愿性仅对安全行为有直接的负向作用。