基于BP神经网络的非煤地下矿山安全评价模型

针对非煤地下矿山安全评价的复杂性和非线性特性,BP神经网络对非线性动态系统较强的适应性,提出并建立了一种基于BP神经网络的非煤地下矿山安全评价模型。为提高该模型的可靠性,结合非煤地下矿山生产工艺特点,提出了一套便于统计和赋值的安全评价指标体系;确定了BP神经网络结构和评价结果表征方法;为提高BP神经网络算法的收敛速度和稳定性,对标准BP算法进行有效改进;通过实例运算验证了该模型的可行性。基于BP神经网络的安全评价模型为评价非煤地下矿山安全管理现状及水平提供了可操作的方法,为矿山有关部门提供了科学安全管理的依据。     

基于层次分析和灰色综合评判的石膏矿山地质环境影响评价

为了更好地对矿山地质环境影响进行综合评价,针对衡山白果地区石膏矿山的特点建立了评价指标体系,采用层次分析法确定各指标权重;运用灰色系统理论,构建了石膏矿山地质环境影响灰色综合评价模型;并对3个典型矿山进行了计算,计算得出的结果与实际情况相符,所给出的综合评价值既能用于描述所评价矿山的地质环境影响程度,也可对同一区域不同矿山地质环境影响程度进行比较。该研究成果可以推广到其他非煤矿山,同时也为矿山地质环境影响评价及矿山安全管理工作提供了一条新途径。     

我国非煤矿山安全生产科技进展与科技需求分析

在我国所称非煤矿山是指除去煤矿之外的所有矿山,包括露天矿山、地下矿山和联合开采矿山。近年来,我国针对非煤矿山安全重大科技问题开展了一些研究工作,科技投入有较大幅度增加,开展的国家“十一五”重点支撑项目“非煤矿山典型灾害防治关键技术研究与示范工程”等取得了一些成果。但是,非煤矿山的重大和特别重大生产安全事故发生频率仍处于较高水平,安全生产形势依然严峻,很多非煤矿山重大技术难题仍没有得到解决,急需研究适应我国非煤矿山特点的尾矿库安全技术、采空区治理技术、深井开采安全技术、高风险气田开发安全技术、自然灾害次生衍生生产安全事故预防技术等。     

某铀矿山废石场及尾砂库氡污染调查

通过对某退役铀矿山的 14个废石堆放场及 3个尾砂库氡析出率的测量及内照射剂量的估算 ,表明 ,只有一个废石场的氡析出率超过国家规定的管理限值水平 ;尾砂库的氡析出率较高 ,个别测点的氡析出率超出管理限值水平近 7倍 ;因氡析出而使当地居民额外所受的年最大有效剂量当量为 0 0 5 8mSv。指出在尾砂库表面覆盖黄土 ,可以有效降低氡析出水平 ,当覆盖厚度达 0 5m时 ,可将氡析出水平降低 84%以上。     

矿井水污染控制及资源化

本文分析了我国煤矿矿井水净化与资源化现状，指出了矿井水资源化的途径和技术，并对提高矿区生活用水质量的措施进行了探讨。     

基于行为科学的煤矿安全文化建设模式研究

针对煤矿企业的特点,简要分析国内煤矿企业安全现状及存在问题;探讨我国煤矿事故发生的致因与根源,认为人的不安全行为是煤矿重特大事故频发的主要原因;从煤矿企业所处的环境和自身发展的要求出发,提出以行为科学为理论基础的安全文化建设思路,改变传统安全文化建设中突出硬件建设的做法,把建设的重心转移到"人因"上,突出人的行为与意识在安全文化建设中的地位和作用;引入行为科学的个体行为理论、群体动力理论及组织行为理论,提出一种以个人-群体-组织系统相结合的煤矿安全文化创新建设模式,并分别对个体、群体及组织安全文化建设进行论述,针对构建煤矿安全文化创新机制提出了建议与对策。     

基于复杂性认识的安全木桶模型探讨

认为安全系统是一个复杂的社会技术系统,描述了安全系统的复杂性特征:安全系统特别复杂,由相互依赖多个子系统组成,具有非线性、高度动态性、开放性和相互作用性,安全系统涉及多重反馈过程,包含软硬数据信息,并对安全政策和措施具有抵制性。借鉴传统木桶理论,利用耗散结构理论中安全熵的有关概念,探索性地建立安全木桶模型,分析了安全木桶的组成部件和功能效用。进而结合本质安全型煤矿建设,从员工素质、技术装备、作业环境和安全管理4个方面讨论了该模型的适用性,并针对本质安全型煤矿建设给出了相应建议。     

矿井通风网络系统敏感度的研究

根据通风系统的风阻与风量的变化关系,以象山矿的局部通风图为例,对井下复杂的通风网络的敏感度进行研究.经过实例运算,以图形的形式得出敏感区域,然后对这些敏感区进行重点调风,这样不但可以在新建或改建、扩建矿井时减少工时工料,还可以加强对井下通风的安全管理工作.     

Atmospheric Monitoring at Abandoned Mercury Mine Sites in Asturias (NW Spain)

Mercury concentrations are usually significant in historic Hg mining districts all over the world, so the atmospheric environment is potentially affected. In Asturias, northern Spain, past mining operations have left a legacy of ruins and Hg-rich wastes, soils and sediments in abandoned sites. Total Hg concentrations in the ambient air of these abandoned mine sites have been investigated to evaluate the impact of the Hg emissions. This paper presents the synthesis of current knowledge about atmospheric Hg contents in the area of the abandoned Hg mining and smelting works at ‘La Peña–El Terronal’ and La Soterraña, located in Mieres and Pola de Lena districts, respectively, both within the Caudal River basin. It was found that average atmospheric Hg concentrations are higher than the background level in the area (0.1 μg Nm^?3), reaching up to 203.7 μg Nm^?3 at 0.2 m above the ground level, close to the old smelting chimney at El Terronal mine site. Data suggest that past Hg mining activities have big influences on the increased Hg concentrations around abandoned sites and that atmospheric transfer is a major pathway for Hg cycling in these environments.     

Spatial distribution and transport of heavy metals in soil, ponded-surface water and grass in a pb-contaminated watershed as related to land-use practices

The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution of heavy metal in soil and evaluate the dissolution of metal from soil to ponded-surface water, leaching through soil profiles and metal uptake in grass as related to different land-use practices. The data provided a scientific basis for best-management practices for land use in Khli Ti watershed. The watershed has a Pb-contamination problem from the previous operation of a Pb-ore concentrator and abandoned Zn–Pb mine. Sampling sites were selected from a land-use map, with land-use types falling into the following four categories: forest, agricultural land, residential area and road. Soil, ponded-surface water, grass samples and soil profiles were collected. The study related soil characteristics from different land-use practices and locations with observed metal concentrations in ponded-surface water and soil. High enrichment factors of Pb and As in soil were found. Partitioning coefficient, K_d values were in the order: Cr > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd > Zn. Soil disturbance from land-use activities including tillage and traffic increased leaching of trace metal from soils. Pb in soil was significantly taken up by grass even though the Transfer Factor, TF values were rather low. Agricultural activities in the watershed must be limited. Moreover, land encroachments in the upper and middle part of the watershed which have high potential of Pb must be strictly controlled in order to reduce the Pb contamination from non-point sources.