基于拟静力法和有限差分法的细砂尾矿坝动力稳定性分析与评价

通过采用拟静力法和有限差分法两种方法分别对北京密云县的和尚峪尾矿库坝进行了动力稳定性分析,然后计算得到在地震荷载影响下的边坡时程安全系数,并将此处所得到的安全系数与笔者之前采用拟静力法计算得到安全系数进行对比。最后,基于陈育民开发的PL-Finn模型并利用FLAC3D对尾矿坝在地震条件下的液化区域以及液化后的大变形进行了分析。     

Acid mine drainage attenuation by inhibition of pyrite bioleaching using limestone and olive pomace

The control and inhibition of pyrite bioleaching involved in the generation of acid mine drainage was studied. Inhibition of pyrite bioleaching was performed by varying the pyrite concentration in the medium (substrate inhibition) and/or by addition of limestone (inhibition by pH increase) and olive pomace (inhibition by organic compounds). Inhibition tests of pyrite bioleaching were performed according to a full factorial design with three factors (pyrite, limestone and olive pomace) taken at two levels. Preliminary pyrite bioleaching tests showed the ability of the available inoculum to oxidise the mineral. Subsequently, experimental data for total soluble iron denoted strong inhibition under all the different operating conditions of the factorial design, except when larger pyrite concentrations were used. In particular, inhibition by limestone was due to the increase in pH which negatively affects microorganisms, while inhibition by olive pomace may be related to the antioxidant properties of polyphenols. Interactions among operating conditions were specifically assessed by analysis of variance. Only limestone and/or pomace addition resulted in a significant (95%) diminution of iron extraction.     

华南某铀矿开采利用对地表水环境质量的影响

以广东省某铀矿区为研究对象,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)测定了矿山、水冶厂及其周边地表水体共42个水样(包括工业废水、池塘水、溪流水、河水和矿区饮用水)中放射性元素(U和Th)和其它一些金属元素(Fe、Mn、Mg、Cu、Zn、Co、Ni、Li、Ca、Na、K、Al、Sr和Ba)的含量.由此确认铀矿区产生高污废水的重要环节和关键污染元素,并了解这些元素的迁移变化规律以及对周边地表水产生的影响.结果表明:(1)铀矿区产生高污外排废水的主要生产环节是采矿、铀矿堆浸和尾矿露天堆积,排放废水中U和Mn含量分别为0.238—8.700 mg.L-1和0.62—94.23 mg.L-1,均高于国家工业废水允许排放标准(GBJ8—74和GB8978—1996)的限定值;(2)铀矿周边用作当地农业灌溉和露天水源的溪流由于受纳了矿区外排废水,明显受到了U和Mn的污染:U含量在枯水期和丰水期分别为(0.415±0.619)mg.L-1和(0.233±0.308)mg.L-1,Mn含量在枯水期和丰水期分别为(8.72±12.8)mg.L-1和(8.56±12.61)mg.L-1;(3)受纳溪流中U、Fe的含量枯水期高于丰水期,而Mn和Cu的含量基本保持不变,且大多数元素的含量随着迁移距离的增加在枯水期和丰水期均呈下降趋势,指示污染源来自铀矿区;(4)铀矿区生产活动引起的地表水污染目前仅局限于铀矿区和周边较小的区域,但仍应引起重视.     

人工湿地处理酸性矿井水的研究

介绍人工湿地处理酸性矿井废水系统及其机制,分析了酸性矿井水的形成、特点和人工湿地处理酸性矿井水的可行性,列举国内外应用实例,说明人工湿地是治理酸性矿井水的有效方法。     

Study on static and dynamic strength characteristics of tailings silty sand and its engineering application

Through high pressure oedometer-undrained triaxial tests and dynamic triaxial tests, researches were conducted on the static and dynamic strength characteristics of the tailings silty sand of No. 4 tailings reservoir in De-xing copper mine. The Mohr-stress circles of the tailings silty sand under all the testing confining pressure show that the single line failure envelope cannot represent the strength characteristics absolutely, the double line failure envelope can express the strength properties when confining pressures are less than 1400 kPa, and the parabolic failure envelope can reflect the strength characteristics well under all the testing confining pressures. The grading curve of the tailings silty sand indicates that the grain composition is relatively homogeneous. Thus, the tailings silty sand is susceptible to liquefy under the dynamic loading. Dynamic triaxial tests of the tailings silty sand show that the tailings silty sand in deep areas has more liquefaction resistance strengths than in shallow. The possible explanation is that the structure of the deep tailings silty sand is more stable than the shallow one. The tests also reveal that the liquefaction resistance increases with the dry density when it is in the range of 1.51-1.61. The results can be used to guide the construction and ensure the safety of No. 4 tailings dam or other high tailings dams.     

Dynamic numerical simulation of coal mine fire for escape capsule installation

Fire in mine laneway leads to disordered ventilation system airflow, and smoke will result in staff poisoning. In such situation, it necessitates to install a rescue capsule in the common staff area. In this paper, the software Fluent was used to simulate the airflow conditions dynamically in No. 5 belt roadway of Kongzhuang Coal Mine when fire broke out. The migration law of CO front was determined. By underground escape experiments, personnel escape velocity model in pathway was established. Based on the numerical simulation and results of field experiments, the escape capsule installation location in the passageway of No. 5 belt roadway was ascertained.     

论金属矿山地质灾害模式识别模型

从崩塌与滑坡、泥石流、采空塌陷3个方面探讨了金属矿山地质灾害模式,运用层次分析法确定了金属矿山地质灾害模式识别指标的权重。考虑到影响金属矿山地质灾害因素的不确定性,引入SPA,并与最优化原理相结合,提出了同异反最优模式识别模型,将其与现有的最大联系测度方法应用于某金属矿山地质灾害模式识别中。实例应用表明,同异反最优模式识别模型从整体上判断金属矿山地质灾害模式,较最大联系测度方法更为科学、合理。     

矿山井下环境质量监测

结合井下空间环境质量和监测的现状,从国家矿山井下安全避险"六大系统"的规定出发,针对矿山井巷系统及井巷环境特点,对CO气体、风速的监测以及环境监测网络所存在的困难进行了分析,在此基础上给出了井下环境监测传感器选择及应用注意事项,井下环境监测构建的形式及发展方向。     

尾矿库溃坝离心机振动模型试验研究

为研究强震作用下尾矿库溃坝动力反应及溃坝演化规律,在清华大学离心机上进行尾矿库溃坝自重加载条件下离心振动模型试验。试验采用离心场图像采集系统、非接触位移测量系统及动态注水系统,采用Kobe波作为地震输入,测量模型加速度、孔隙压力、面板应力变形、坝体位移及其发展变化过程。试验结果表明:地震输入条件下的模型加速度近似均匀分布,尾矿库浸润线的位置随着水位的升高而逐渐上升,孔隙压力增大使得尾矿库坝体强度降低,但在水平地震下,仍能保持稳定。在蓄水过程中,尾矿库坝体产生明显的变形,出现了局部滑坡,但在地震作用下产生的变形较小,并且应变反应波形较为一致,表明尾矿库结构模型地震反应的整体性较好,具有良好的抗震稳定性。     

组织及环境因素对员工不安全行为影响的SEM研究

为分析组织及环境因素对员工不安全行为意向和不安全行为的影响,收集7个煤矿的735名一线作业人员有效调查问卷,采用因子分析方法(FAM)和结构方程模型(SEM),构建组织与环境因素对不安全行为意向及其行为的SEM。结果表明:不安全行为意向与安全装备、安全理念、危险源管理、工作压力、违章处罚、安全管理行为显著相关;不安全行为与危险源管理、工作压力、管理承诺、物态环境、违章惩罚显著相关;不安全行为与安全理念、安全装备、安全管理行为关系不显著;不安全行为意向与管理承诺、物态环境关系不显著。