氰化尾渣资源化应用的清洁生产技术研究

以鑫汇金矿的氰化尾渣为研究对象,利用工艺矿物学研究方法,分别进行光谱分析、物相分析和化学分析. 氰化尾渣中w(Pb)和w(Zn)较高,分别达到12.45%和14.00%. 方铅矿和闪锌矿为可回收的铅锌矿物,2种矿粒度主要分布于10～43 μm. 针对方铅矿、闪锌矿的浮选特点,对矿浆进行预处理,并利用新型浮选技术和药剂制度,以提高选矿生产技术指标. 其中铅锌混合精矿中w(Pb)和w(Zn)分别为24.41%和24.55%,锌精矿中w(Zn)为46.63%. 在选矿废水中加入氧化剂,可使其净化后循环利用,由此可节约新鲜水380 m3/d;尾矿可作为制酸原料和水泥原料.      

Major and trace elements in paddy soil contaminated by Pb–Zn mining: a case study of Kočani Field,Macedonia

The objective of this study was to assess the bulk chemical composition as well as the extent and severity of heavy metal contamination in the paddy soil of Kočani Field (eastern Macedonia). The results revealed that the paddy soil of the western part of Kočani Field is severely contaminated with Pb, Zn, As and Cd in the vicinity of the Zletovska River due to irrigation with riverine water that is severely affected by acid mine and tailing effluents from the Pb–Zn mine in Zletovo. The detected total concentrations of these metals are far above the threshold values considered to be phytotoxically excessive for surface soil. The paddy soil in the vicinity of the Zletovska River was also found to exhibit elevated levels of Ba, Th, U, V, W, Mo, Cu, Sb, Bi, Ag, Au, Hg and Tl, with concentrations above their generally accepted median concentration values obtained during this study. A correlation matrix revealed that the Mn and Fe oxides/hydroxides are the most important carrier phase for several trace elements, with the exception of rare earth elements (REEs). These also represent a major sink for the observed heavy metal pollution of the soil. REEs are mostly associated with two phases: light (L)REEs are bound to K-Al, while heavy (H)REEs are bound to Mg-bearing minerals. Although there is no direct evidence of a health risk, the paddy soil in the vicinity of Zletovska River needs further investigation and an assessment should be made of its suitability for agricultural use, particularly in view of the highly elevated concentrations of Pb, Zn, As and Cd.     

高海拔矿山掘进工作面局部供氧装置研究*

为缓解高海拔矿山掘进作业面低氧问题,将供氧管与环形空气幕相结合,空气幕在作业人员四周形成空气屏障,设计1种用于高海拔矿山掘进工作面的新型供氧装置。以中国云南某海拔3 400 m的铜矿为例,运用ANSYS Fluent软件建立掘进工作面空间模型,根据矿山实际情况确定边界条件,对比研究单一供氧管模式和新型供氧装置的富氧效果差异,并分析空气幕出风口形式、风量对富氧效果的影响。研究结果表明:新型供氧装置的富氧效果优于单一供氧管模式;环状缝隙出风口优于圆孔出风口,并且当环状缝隙宽度为0.010 m、风量为0.014 m3/s时,呼吸带平均氧气质量分数为27.59%,达到最佳富氧效果。新型供氧装置能有效提高作业人员周围呼吸带区域的氧气质量分数。     

基于CFD的高海拔矿山掘进面通风增氧方案优化

以海拔3 400 m金属矿山为例,基于CFD模拟软件,以矿山巷道内原有氧气质量分数提高5%为目标,设计正交试验,在“长压短抽”通风方式下,优化压入风筒放置高度,分析压入风筒与掘进面距离、供氧管与压入风筒出口水平距离、抽压比3个因素对氧气质量及分布规律的影响。研究结果表明:压入风筒、抽出风筒距掘进面分别为12,3 m,供氧管与压入风筒出口水平距离为6 m,抽压比为0.8时,氧气质量分数提高5%且分布情况达到最佳状态;对氧气分布影响最大的因素为压入风筒出口与掘进工作面的距离,在设置管道布置方案时应重点考虑。     

基于风量-风压复合特征的通风系统阻变型故障诊断

为了避免风量单一特征进行故障位置诊断的不适定性,提出基于风量-风压复合特征的故障位置诊断方法,实现特征信息的多维互补,提高故障位置诊断的准确度。利用蒙特卡洛方法生成大致满足实际故障风阻值分布的故障仿真样本,为了避免不同变量之间不同量纲、不同数量级造成的数据损失,对原始风量、风压数据进行标准化处理,并分别以风量单一特征、风压单一特征、风量-风压复合特征作为支持向量机（SVM）的输入,构建通风系统阻变型故障位置诊断模型。通过故障模拟实验研究表明:风量、风压单一特征进行故障位置诊断的准确度分别为89.80%,90.34%,风量-风压复合特征进行故障位置诊断的准确度为98.23%,说明风量-风压复合特征进行故障诊断可以消除风量、风压单一特征进行故障诊断的不适定性,提高故障诊断的准确度。     

Assessments of natural and anthropogenic influences on water chemistry in the upper Nakdong River,South Korea

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to evaluate what sources principally affect the chemical compositions in the catchment of the upper Nakdong River, South Korea where bedrock mostly consists of silicates as a natural factor. From October 7^th to 9^th, 2015, thirty-three water samples were collected, including samples from tributaries which run alongside mines. We analyzed the major anions, cations, trace elements and water isotopes of the samples and the analyzed data are divided into four groups by principle component analysis (PCA). We determined that most of the water samples are influenced by water-rock interactions when we consider the PCA results and the chemical weathering equation line. However, six samples have excess concentrations of sulfate and plot below the equation line. These samples were mostly from streams beside a zinc-cadmium smelter, which was also consistent with the PCA results. Samples near populated area could also be separated into a group via domestic pollution. Based on the PCA and chemical results, the chemical compositions of the river can be affected by two anthropogenic inputs: mine wastes and domestic contaminants.     

基于多元线性回归的煤矿驾驶员情绪预测模型*

为研究煤矿人车驾驶员情绪状态不良引发的煤矿驾驶事故问题,设计眼动实验并建立基于多元线性回归的驾驶员情绪状况预测模型对驾驶员情绪状况进行预测;通过眼动仪采集煤矿驾驶员良好情绪与不良情绪状态下的各项眼动指标,记录其主观情绪状态;使用多元线性回归方程对数据进行分析与建模,采用平均相对误差对预测模型进行评估。结果表明:每秒注视点个数、平均扫视速度、反应时间、危险源辨识个数在情绪变化前后存在显著差异,且与情绪状态呈较强相关;基于多元线性回归的驾驶员情绪状况预测模型预测精度较高,平均相对误差为8.16%。模型适用于煤矿人车驾驶员的情绪监测,可为煤矿驾驶员安全行驶提供保障。     

我国煤矿安全文化建设现状研究——来自60家煤矿的证据*

为更好地开展煤矿安全文化建设工作,采用安全文化在线分析系统对我国60家煤矿企业的安全文化建设水平进行分析;利用SPSS 22.0软件分析不同人员类别、性别、工龄、文化程度对安全文化得分的影响;对煤矿安全文化建设中部分得分较低的安全文化元素给出整改建议。结果表明:得分低于60分的元素是安全业绩对待方式、总体安全期望;安全文化得分与人员类别、工龄、文化程度显著相关,与性别无显著相关性;煤矿企业应进行针对性培训,并设计和建设合理的安全理念条目、良好的安全理念载体及完善的安全文化培训体系。     

井下移动热源对巷道局部风流温度影响规律研究

为了研究煤矿井下热源对巷道局部风流温度的影响,通过搭建实验平台以及建立数值模型,采用实验和数值模拟的方法,分析井下固定和移动热源对巷道局部风流温度的影响规律。研究结果表明:对比实验和数值模拟固定热源对巷道局部风流温度的影响,结果显示二者总体温度变化趋势一致性较好,验证了数学模型的正确性;井下热源移动速度不同时,顺风移动速度越大,对巷道局部温度影响越大,且巷道局部温度相对升高;逆风移动速度越大,对巷道局部温度影响越小,且巷道局部温度相对降低。     

矿井系统下行风流火灾实验与TF1M3D平台仿真研究

为直观反映矿井下行风流火灾时期风流紊乱现象,深入研究风流紊乱、火灾烟流扩散规律,搭建管道实验平台进行矿井下行风流火灾实验,应用TF1M3D软件对真实矿井火灾进行模拟仿真。结果表明:矿井发生下行风流火灾时,在火区热阻力和火风压作用下,主干风路风流发生衰减甚至逆流现象,主干风路风量达到极值的时间滞后于火源强度达到最大值的时间;模拟结果显示223上山风流随通风机能力增强,发生风流紊乱现象更明显;在火灾主干风路风流未发生逆退的情况下,223上山和-380副巷仍会发生风流逆转现象;通风机能力越强,主干风路风流克服火源作用、保持原状态的能力越强。