Mineralogical and geochemical characterization of arsenic in an abandoned mine tailings of Korea

The mineralogical and chemical characteristics of As solid phases in arsenic-rich mine tailings from the Nakdong As–Bi mine in Korea was investigated. The tailings generated from the ore roasting process contained 4.36% of As whereas the concentration was up to 20.2% in some tailings from the cyanidation process for the Au extraction. Thin indurated layers and other secondary precipitates had formed at the surfaces of the tailings piles and the As contents of the hardened layers varied from 2.87 to 16.0%. Scorodite and iron arsenate (Fe₃AsO₇) were the primary As-bearing crystalline minerals. Others such as arsenolamprite, bernardite and titanium oxide arsenate were also found. The amorphous As–Fe phases often showed framboidal aggregates and gel type textures with desiccation cracks. Sequential extraction results also showed that 55.7–91.1% of the As in tailings were NH₄-oxalate extractable As, further confirmed the predominance of amorphous As–Fe solid phases. When the tailings were equilibrated with de-ionized water, the solution exhibited extremely acidic conditions (pH 2.01–3.10) and high concentrations of dissolved As (up to 29.5 mg L⁻¹), indicating high potentials for As to be released during rainfall events. The downstream water was affected by drainage from tailings and contained 12.7–522 μg L⁻¹ of As. The amorphous As–Fe phases in tailings have not entirely been stabilized through the long term natural weathering processes. To remediate the environmental harms they had caused, anthropogenic interventions to stabilize or immobilize As in the tailings pile should be explored.     

大气气溶胶物质来源研究进展

大气气溶胶物质来源研究是大气污染研究极为重要的内容,它对污染物质的追踪评价具有较大的意义。本文较为系统地讨论了大气气溶胶物质来源研究的现状。从气溶胶的特征上分别论述气溶胶物质来源的矿物学（ 颗粒） 、无机化学和有机化学研究的进展。     

Geochemistry of heavy metals in bottom sediments from streams of the western coast of the rio de la plata estuary, Argentina

The fluvial system within the southwestern coastal sector of the Río de la Plata interacts with a very large and efficient mixing basin known as the Río de la Plata estuary. The region is a densely populated and productive sector of Argentina and is characterised by a temperate humid climate. The streams Carnaval, Martín, Del Gato and El Pescado of the study area drain two main geomorphologic units: a higher inner zone and the low lands of the coastal plain. In particular, the Del Gato stream receives heavily polluted discharges from agricultural, urban and industrial point and non-point sources of pollution, while the other streams collect a lower and variable discharge input. As a part of an initial assessment of the role of fluvial bottom sediments in the fate of metals through the stream ecosystems, the spatial distribution of trace and major elements related to particles in the accumulation areas was examined. Concentration of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb, Fe and Mn, grain size, mineralogy (clay-X ray diffraction) and organic matter content were analysed in the four streams considering both geomorphologic units at different depositional time. Untreated and iron-normalised trace metal concentrations in the most polluted streams show higher levels in the upper layers of most contaminated sectors and accumulation areas associated to topographic low lands. The coastal plain sector behaves as a regional sink between the upstream area and the estuary.     

Modelling the closure-related geochemical evolution of groundwater at a former uranium mine

A newly developed reactive transport model was used to evaluate the potential effects of mine closure on the geochemical evolution in the aquifer downgradient from a mine site. The simulations were conducted for the K?nigstein uranium mine located in Saxony, Germany. During decades of operation, uranium at the former mine site had been extracted by in situ acid leaching of the ore underground, while the mine was maintained in a dewatered condition. One option for decommissioning is to allow the groundwater level to rise to its natural level, flooding the mine workings. As a result, pore water containing high concentrations of dissolved metals, radionuclides, and sulfate may be released. Additional contamination may arise due to the dissolution of minerals contained in the aquifer downgradient of the mine. On the other hand, dissolved metals may be attenuated by reactions within the aquifer. The geochemical processes and interactions involved are highly non-linear and their impact on the quality of the groundwater and surface water downstream of the mine is not always intuitive. The multicomponent reactive transport model MIN3P, which can describe mineral dissolution-precipitation reactions, aqueous complexation, and oxidation-reduction reactions, is shown to be a powerful tool for investigating these processes. The predictive capabilities of the model are, however, limited by the availability of key geochemical parameters such as the presence and quantities of primary and secondary mineral phases. Under these conditions, the model can provide valuable insight by means of sensitivity analyses.     

不锈钢渣资源利用特性与重金属污染风险

研究了2种不锈钢渣——电炉(EAF)钢渣和转炉(AOD)钢渣可资源化利用和重金属污染特性.结果表明:2种钢渣的粒径主要分布于小于5 mm的范围内;EAF钢渣的主要元素(w>1%)为Ca,Si,Mg,Al,Fe,O和Cr,主要矿物质为Ca₂SiO₄和Ca₃Mg(SiO₄)₂;而AOD钢渣主要由Ca,Si,Mg,C和O等元素组成,主要矿物质为Ca₂SiO₄,资源化利用潜力大.不锈钢渣浸出毒性测试结果表明:除Cr外,所有重金属浸出质量浓度均低于或接近于检测限,Cr浸出质量浓度小于0.2 mg/L,远低于危险废物鉴别标准(GB5085.3-1996)相应限值,且重金属主要以稳定的化学形态存在;根据有效浸出测试结果,不锈钢渣中的Cr在最不利条件下存在溶出风险,但以毒性较低的Cr(Ⅲ)为主,与X射线衍射测试结果一致.因此,不锈钢渣中的重金属浸出污染风险低.      

Chemistry,Mineralogy and Morphology of Spodosols at Two Swedish Sites Used to Assess Methods of Counteracting Acidification

The chemistry, mineralogy and morphology of two soil profiles developed on till material of granitic and gneissic composition in south-western Sweden were studied in relation to podzolization processes. These soils were used for treatments with lime and wood ash. The profiles do not show characteristic Podzol morphology but qualify as Spodosols under Soil Taxonomy criteria and are probably typical for the coniferous forest soils of south-western Sweden. Podzolization features are clear but less well expressed than in classic Podzols. The distribution of major elements shows podzolization features with accumulation of sesquioxides in the B horizons and depletion in the eluvial horizons. Quartz and feldspars dominate the bulk soils reflecting the clear relationship between the composition of the soil and the underlying bedrock. Low amounts of clay contain an interlayered vermiculitic phase as the main phyllosilicate in which the degree of interlayering, known to be pH dependent, varies with depth and is at a maximum in the Bhs horizon. In the B horizons there are small but significant amounts of imogolite-type material which affect the adsorption of sulphate.     

广西隆华铝土矿的矿物学特征研究

广西隆华铝土矿是一水硬铝石型铝土矿 ,该矿的矿物组成主要为硬水铝石 ,其次有三水铝石、软水铝石、高岭石、伊利石、鲕绿泥石、锐钛矿、金红石、铝赤铁矿及锂硬锰矿等。硬水矿石中主要元素为铝 ,且分布较均匀 ,适应于高压拜耳法溶矿。本矿床的底泥中发现有一未知矿物 ,经X射线衍射分析及格林 -凯利 (Greene-Kelly,1 95 3 )方法鉴别 ,该矿物为贝得石 ;经蒙脱石 -贝得石系列的蒙脱石群定量法 (Jones,1 964 )测定 ,该矿物的含量为 1 5 .4 5 %。     

喀拉库里表层沉积物组成的分布特征及其物质来源

喀拉库里地处帕米尔高原东部,整个湖区被中纬度西风带贯穿,湖水主要由冰川融水和夏季降水补给,对气候变化响应敏感,是重建西风气候和冰川环境演变的理想区域,然而对于喀拉库里沉积物的组成和来源还知之甚少。本文以喀拉库里表层沉积物为研究对象,获得了其组成及空间分布特征,进而探讨了其物源及输入方式。根据沉积物粒度、矿物组成及湖水等深线分布,表层沉积物可分为三种类型:第Ⅰ类以细砂粒为主,以高石英和低粘土为特征,分布在近湖岸;第Ⅲ类以分选良好的细粉砂为主,主要分布在深湖区;第Ⅱ类粗、细颗粒混杂,分选性差,位于Ⅰ、Ⅲ类沉积物过渡区域。喀拉库里沉积物的SiO_2含量同粒径呈正相关关系,粒径越大、含量越高;Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3和K_2O则相反。结合河流泥沙和慕士塔格冰芯中粉尘颗粒的粒度分布及区域气候特征,初步认为深湖区分选良好的细粉砂可能主要来自西风携带的高空粉尘,而近岸细砂是岩石就地物理风化的产物。这些认识对于钻点的选取及沉积序列气候、环境信息的提取具有重要价值。