Bleached kraft pulp mill discharged organic matter in recipient lake sediment

Environmental properties of organic matter contained halogen and sulfur were studied in sediments of bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (BKME) recipient lakes and 2 m³ outdoor enclosures (mesocosms). The BKME contributed to 1% (v/v) of the total water flow in the lake downstream of the pulp mill where the sediments contained 1.7 to 4 mg of tetrahydrofuran extractable organic halogen (EOX-Cl) and 0.6 to 0.8 mg of tetrahydrofuran extractable organic sulfur (EOS-S) g⁻¹ of organic matter. Upstream sediment contained 0.03 mg of EOXCl and 0.7 mg of EOS-S g⁻¹ of organic matter. EOX was a better indicator for the influence of BKME in the recipient sediment than EOS. The polarity of BKME contained EOX corresponded to log K^ow of < 1, and that of the downstream sediment contained EOX to > 4.5. HP-SEC analysis of the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the EOX showed a peak between 300 to 600 g mol⁻¹ for the BKME and between 1000 to 2000 g mol⁻¹ for the downstream sediment. The MWD of the BKME contained EOS peaked at 300 to 1000 g mol⁻¹, and that of the downstream sediment contained EOS at 1000 to 5000 g mol⁻¹. These results indicate that BKME contained organic halogen and sulfur undergo major structural transformations when incorporated into sediment. The biota-to-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) of EOX from sediments formed downstream of the mill and in the mesocosms to the lipids ofLumbriculus variegatus was 0.4 to 0.7. This is of a similar order of magnitude to the BSAF reported for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzop-dioxin and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran.     

壳聚糖在活性污泥中的可生化性研究

以不同分子量和不同脱乙酰度的壳聚糖为对象,研究了壳聚糖溶液的COD和BOD5分别随分子量和脱乙酰度变化的规律,并将其应用于活性污泥法废水处理,研究了不同分子量和不同脱乙酰度的壳聚糖对微生物活性的影响及其抑菌作用.由壳聚糖溶液的BOD5/COD及其对微生物活性的影响初步得出壳聚糖在活性污泥中是不可生化的.     

湍流扩散方程数学解析的探讨

本文讨论了水流场中平流、分子扩散、湍流扩散、离散作用所引起的扩散物质质量通量的数学解析以及几种水质数学模型的应用条件。     

杨树抗旱性研究进展

The drought resistance of woody plants, in particular, Populus, was reviewed in this paper. Studies about drought resistance of Populus mostly focused on changes in growth properties, physiological adaptation and biochemical aspects, but a few on molecular biology. The indexes of drought adaptation and productivity were analyzed and these indexes could be employed to identify drought resistance of woody plants. Combination of such different approaches will, hopefully, give us a more complete understanding of the various regulatory mechanisms in trees than what we may have today. With development of the molecular biology of woody plants, the sluties on stress resistance of Populus which was regarded as a model plant, are summarised. Ref 96     

Real-time PCR with molecular beacons provides a highly accurate assay for detection of Tay-Sachs alleles in single cells

The results presented here provide the first single-cell genetic assay for Tay-Sachs disease based on real-time PCR. Individual lymphoblasts were lysed with an optimized lysis buffer and assayed using one pair of primers that amplifies both the wild type and 1278 + TATC Tay-Sachs alleles. The resulting amplicons were detected in real time with two molecular beacons each with a different colored fluorochrome. The kinetics of amplicon accumulation generate objective criteria by which to evaluate the validity of each reaction. The assay had an overall utility of 95%, based on the detection of at least one signal in 235 of the 248 attempted tests and an efficiency of 97%, as 7 of the 235 samples were excluded from further analysis for objective quantitative reasons. The accuracy of the assay was 99.1%, because 228 of 230 samples gave signals consistent with the genotype of the cells. Only two of the 135 heterozygous samples were allele drop-outs, a rate far lower than previously reported for single-cell Tay-Sachs assays using conventional methods of PCR. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Molecular diagnosis of a novel heterozygous 268C→T (R90C) mutation in TGIF gene in a fetus with holoprosencephaly and premaxillary agenesis

We report the sonographic diagnosis and molecular analysis of holoprosencephaly (HPE) and premaxillary agenesis in a second-trimester fetus with a 46,XY karyotype. Mutational sequence analyses for the entire coding region and exon–intron boundaries of SHH, ZIC2, SIX3 and TGIF genes identified a novel heterozygous missense TGIF mutation 268C→T (CGC→TGC change) that predicts an Arg90Cys substitution in the homeodomain region of TGIF. The proband's parents did not carry the mutation. The present case is an example of the heterogeneous entity of the HPE spectrum and demonstrates that adjunctive molecular analyses of distinct human genes for HPE can reassure genetic counselling by elucidating the genetic pathogenesis, especially in cytogenetically normal fetuses affected with HPE. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

能源植物修复镉污染土壤对根际细菌网络结构的影响

选取油脂类能源植物大豆和碳水化合物类能源植物玉米,采用高通量测序方法研究大豆、玉米修复Cd污染土壤过程中根际土壤细菌群落组成,基于高通量测序数据采用分子生态网络分析细菌相互作用.结果表明,50 mg·kg-1Cd污染土壤中两种植物根部Cd浓度和积累量最高,转移系数TF分别为玉米0.78和大豆0.35.基于细菌16S r RNA基因的群落分析表明,大豆、玉米根际土壤细菌主要包括Proteobacteria(变形菌门)、Acidobacteria(酸杆菌门)31个门细菌组成,大豆、玉米种植均能影响土壤细菌群落组成,能影响Candidate division TM7 norank、Acidimicrobiales norank、Sphingomonas等丰度.分子生态网络分析表明种植大豆和玉米增加了细菌之间的相互作用,导致其网络结构更为复杂,关键细菌从不种植物处理的1个增加到种植大豆的6个和种植玉米的10个.     

结合光谱法和计算模拟多角度分析2,2',4,4',5-五溴二苯醚与人血清白蛋白的作用机制

本文结合光谱法、动力学模拟(MD)和分子对接等手段,多角度地研究了2,2′,4,4′,5-五溴二苯醚(BDE-99)与人血清白蛋白(HSA)在pH=7.4模拟生理环境下的相互作用机制.首先采用MD从理论上模拟BDE-99与HSA相互作用的构象变化情况;然后利用同步荧光和三维荧光光谱法从实验角度进行验证,所得结果表明,BDE-99使HSA的疏水性增强从而导致其构象发生变化.同时,荧光光谱和紫外光谱得出BDE-99对HSA的猝灭机制属于静态猝灭和非辐射能量转移.另外,分子对接结果显示,BDE-99通过静电引力和疏水作用力结合在HSA的位点I处,这与竞争实验和热力学参数的分析结果是一致的.实验数据与模拟计算结果的相互印证,为进一步探究BDE-99和HSA的相互作用机制提供了重要的信息和参考依据.     

分子流态下翅片管式热沉传输几率计算分析

目的研究空间环境模拟器翅片管式热沉传输特性,为进一步开展真空等效性分析等研究工作奠定基础。方法根据热沉结构特点建立镜面反射气体输运通道模型,采用蒙特卡罗方法,对该模型的传输几率进行分析计算,并建立验证模型,对计算结果进行验证。结果对于所选择的翅片管式热沉,其平面阵列的传输几率为0.030 116 4,柱面阵列的传输几率为0.017 988 6。结论蒙特卡罗方法可以用于计算一定结构的翅片管式热沉的传输几率。通过传输几率的计算,可以将热沉等效为具有相应传输几率的可透射平面,从而在保证模拟精度的同时大大简化模拟计算强度,提高计算效率。