4种玉米水解肽的除草活性及与相对分子质量的关系

以碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶4种蛋白酶为水解酶制备玉米蛋白水解肽,用培养皿生物分析法检测在不同浓度(0.5、1.0、2.0和5.0 mg.mL-1)下的4种玉米蛋白水解肽对光鳞水蜈蚣(Kyllingabrevitoliavar.leiolepis)种子萌发过程中根系生长的抑制活性;采用超滤法制备相对分子质量不同的肽段并比较其除草活性。结果表明:不同浓度下的4种玉米蛋白水解肽对光鳞水蜈蚣种子萌发过程中根系生长均有抑制作用,且随着水解肽浓度的增高,其对根系生长的抑制活性增强;碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶制备的玉米蛋白粉水解肽对根系生长的抑制活性明显高于风味蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶制备的玉米蛋白粉水解肽。相对分子质量不同的玉米蛋白粉水解肽对根系生长的抑制活性存在差异,5 000 u以下的小分子肽具有更高的抑制活性。     

真菌漆酶及其在环境污染控制中的应用

综述漆酶的分子结构 ,催化机理及其在环境污染控制中的应用等方面的研究概况     

炼油厂达标废水中溶解性有机物的表征

采用超滤和凝胶色谱法调查了炼油厂达标废水中溶解性有机物 (DOM)的分子量分布 ,并用树脂吸附和离子交换技术研究了该废水DOM中疏水性酸 (HoA)、碱 (HoB)及中性物 (HoN)和亲水性酸 (HiA)、碱 (HiB)及中性物 (HiN)的比例 ,用气相色谱 质谱法 (GC MS)定性分析了疏水性有机物的组成 .结果表明 ,某炼油厂达标废水的TOC为 12 0 6～ 16 80mg·L-1,其中溶解性有机碳 (DOC)为 10 15～ 14 4 4mg·L-1;分子量 <1k的DOM约为 80 % (以TOC计 ) ;DOM中HiN、HoN、HoA、HiB、HoB及HiA的含量分别为 2 9 7% ,2 6 5 % ,2 1 1% ,13 4 % ,5 1%及 4 2 % .鉴定出的HoN包括脂肪烃、苯系物、含硫化合物及邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物等 ,其中C10和C11脂肪烃、甲基亚硫酰苯及邻苯二甲酸二丁脂化合物的含量相对较高 .根据表征结果提出了回用处理建议.     

Characterization of dissolved organic matter fractions from Lake Hongfeng, Southwestern China Plateau

With XAD-series and ion exchange resins, dissolved organic matter (DOM) from Lake Hongfeng in Southwestern China Plateau was isolated into 6 fractions, i.e., humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA), hydrophobic neutrals (HON), hydrophilic acids (HIA), hydrophilic bases (HIB) and hydrophilic neutrals (HIN). Those fractions were characterized by high performance size exclusion chromatography, fluorescence spectroscopy and UV absorbance. Among the 6 fractions, FA was predominant and accounted for 51% of the total DOM. The weight-average (M_w) and number-averaged (M_n) molecular weight of these fractions ranged from 1688 to 2355 Da and from 1338 to 1928 Da, respectively. A strong correlation was observed between specific UV absorbance at 280 nm, E₂/E₃ (absorbance at 250 nm to 365 nm), and the molecular weight for DOM fractions. UV-Vis fulvic-like fluorescence peaks were found in all fractions. Protein-like fluorescence peaks existed in HON may indicate that microbial activity was severely in Lake Hongfeng. There was a significant relationship between fluorescence intensities and specific UV absorbance at 254 nm for those DOM fractions, suggesting their similar luminescence characteristics. The values of fluorescence index (f_450/500) indicated that hydrophobic fractions may derive from terrestrial sources, and the hydrophilic fractions from microbial and terrestrial origins. Those results suggest that there were inter-relationships between molecular weight, fluorescence and absorbance characteristics, and also subtle consistencies between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and the sources for these 6 fractions from Lake Hongfeng.     

分子遗传技术与生物遗传多样性研究

各种分子遗传技术为不同生物种类间进行直接比较和分子水平的遗传多样性的度量、研究提供了新的途径。本文讨论了此类分子水平研究所取得的一些新的进展，并指出了有关分子工具应用于生物多样性研究中存在的一些问题。     

Enhanced dewatering characteristics of waste activated sludge with Fenton pretreatment: effectiveness and statistical optimization

In this work, the enhanced dewaterabing characteristics of waste activated sludge using Fenton pretreatment was investigated in terms of effectiveness and statistical optimization. Response surface method （RSM） and central composite design （CCD） were applied to evaluate and optimize the effectiveness of important operational parameters, i.e., H202 concentrations, Fe2＋ concentrations and initial pH values. A significant quadratic polynomial model was obtained （R2= 0.9189） with capillary suction time （CST） reduction efficiency as the response. Numerical optimization based on desirability function was carried out. The optimum values for H202, Fe2, and initial pH were found to be 178 mg-g-1 VSS （volatile suspended solids）, 211mg.gI VSS and 3.8, respectively, at which CST reduction efficiency of 98.25% could be achieved. This complied well with those predicted by the established polynomial model. The results indicate that Fenton pretreatment is an effective technique for advanced waste activated sludge dewatering. The enhancement of sludge dewaterability by Fenton＇s reagent lies in the migration of sludge bound water due to the disintegration of sludge flocs and microbial cells lysis.     

Bleached kraft pulp mill discharged organic matter in recipient lake sediment

Environmental properties of organic matter contained halogen and sulfur were studied in sediments of bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (BKME) recipient lakes and 2 m³ outdoor enclosures (mesocosms). The BKME contributed to 1% (v/v) of the total water flow in the lake downstream of the pulp mill where the sediments contained 1.7 to 4 mg of tetrahydrofuran extractable organic halogen (EOX-Cl) and 0.6 to 0.8 mg of tetrahydrofuran extractable organic sulfur (EOS-S) g⁻¹ of organic matter. Upstream sediment contained 0.03 mg of EOXCl and 0.7 mg of EOS-S g⁻¹ of organic matter. EOX was a better indicator for the influence of BKME in the recipient sediment than EOS. The polarity of BKME contained EOX corresponded to log K^ow of < 1, and that of the downstream sediment contained EOX to > 4.5. HP-SEC analysis of the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the EOX showed a peak between 300 to 600 g mol⁻¹ for the BKME and between 1000 to 2000 g mol⁻¹ for the downstream sediment. The MWD of the BKME contained EOS peaked at 300 to 1000 g mol⁻¹, and that of the downstream sediment contained EOS at 1000 to 5000 g mol⁻¹. These results indicate that BKME contained organic halogen and sulfur undergo major structural transformations when incorporated into sediment. The biota-to-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) of EOX from sediments formed downstream of the mill and in the mesocosms to the lipids ofLumbriculus variegatus was 0.4 to 0.7. This is of a similar order of magnitude to the BSAF reported for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzop-dioxin and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran.     

用膜结构参数模型评价溶解性有机物分子量分布对超滤膜污染的影响研究

研究了不同预处理对原水分子量分布的改变和对膜透水通量的影响,用膜污染的结构参数模型,评价了分子量分布对平均孔径和膜孔密度的影响。结果表明:(1)经过不同的预处理后,原水的分子量分布有所改变,混凝对大分子量有机物去除率较高,PAC吸附对小分子量有机物去除率较高,臭氧PAC联用预处理使大分子量有机物和小分子量有机物均有所去除。(2)分子量分布对膜通量影响较大。(3)通过试验并应用膜结构参数模型,评价了分子量分布对膜平均孔径和膜孔密度的影响,表明小分子量有机物易引起孔内吸附,大分子量有机物容易在膜面附着。     

筑坝蓄水对不同水深浮游微生物群落结构和种间互作模式的影响

微生物群落之间通过直接或间接的关系相互作用,在生态过程中发挥重要作用,然而目前对于水库微生物种间互作模式的关注仍然较少.选择江苏省横山水库为研究区域,分别采集表层及深层水样,探究浮游微生物群落结构和分子生态网络对水深变化的响应规律,并辨识不同水深处浮游微生物群落的关键物种.结果发现,表层浮游微生物丰富度及均匀度均高于深层,且不同深度浮游微生物群落结构具有显著差异.水深通过改变环境异质性间接对浮游微生物群落产生影响,其中总有机碳（TOC）、硝酸盐（NO^-₃）、铵盐（NH⁺₄）和磷酸盐(PO₄^3-)等指标对浮游微生物群落结构影响最为显著.此外,深层浮游微生物分子生态网络的节点数和边数均显著高于表层,且深层浮游微生物群落中关键物种数目和种类均显著高于表层,表明深层浮游微生物群落网络规模更大,但表层浮游微生物群落种间协同合作关系和网络连通性更强.上述结果将为水库微生物群落种间相互作用研究提供科学依据,对预测水库生态系统中微生物的生态规律及全球物质循环影响具有重要意...