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271.
Ramom R. Nunes Rhaissa M. Bontempi Giovane Mendonça Gustavo Galetti 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(5):271-277
The leather industry (tanneries) generates high amounts of toxic wastes, including solid and liquid effluents that are rich in organic matter and mineral content. Vermicomposting was studied as an alternative method of treating the wastes from tanneries. Vermicompost was produced from the following tannery residues: tanned chips of wet-blue leather, sludge from a liquid residue treatment station, and a mixture of both. Five hundred earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were added to each barrel. During the following 135 days the following parameters were evaluated: pH, total organic carbon (TOC), organic matter (OM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), C:N ratio, and chromium content as Cr (III) and Cr (VI). The results for pH, TOC and OM contents showed decreases in their values during the composting process, whereas values for CEC and total nitrogen rose, indicating that the vermicompost reached maturity. For chromium, at 135 days, all values of Cr (VI) were below the detectable level. Therefore, the Cr (VI) content had probably been biologically transformed into Cr (III), confirming the use of this technique as an advanced biological treatment. The study reinforces the idea that vermicomposting could be introduced as an effective technology for the treatment of industrial tannery waste and the production of agricultural inputs. 相似文献
272.
近年来,长三角地区灰霾天气持续增多,空气细颗粒物污染问题日益突出。基于2013年1月至2015年5月长三角地区及周边缓冲区内共214个空气质量监测站点PM2.5逐时监测数据,运用普通克里金插值方法,从年、季、月尺度上分析了PM2.5的空间分布格局和时间动态变化。结果表明:(1)2 a来,长三角地区PM2.5浓度空间分布明显呈现整体北部高南部低,局部地区略有突出的分布特征;长三角地区PM2.5浓度年均值为57.08μg/m3;其中,江苏省PM2.5的年均值为三省市最高,为65.84μg/m3;其次为上海市,年均值为53.87μg/m3;浙江省PM2.5的年均值较小,为51.53μg/m3。(2)从季节尺度分析,长三角地区PM2.5浓度变化表现出冬春季高,夏秋季低的变化趋势;这与区域内冬季风向来源、降水稀少、气象扩散条件差有着密切的关系; (3)长三角地区月浓度变化大致呈U形分布; 12月份PM2.5浓度最高; 3月份以后, PM2.5浓度开始呈逐步下降趋势;在5~9月份,区域PM2.5处于"U"字的谷底,其中6月份夏收时期秸秆焚烧、气象等因素导致PM2.5浓度有略微升高;进入10月份后迅速攀升,且11、12月份呈现持续升高态势。 相似文献
273.
Two industrial sites were investigated based on years of available hydrogeologic information and monitoring data for soil and groundwater. Collected data were forensically evaluated using age-dating and fingerprinting methods. The previous business uses of the project sites were as a gas station, laundry/dry-cleaning service, and car wash with petroleum underground storage tanks (USTs). As a result, these sites were exposed to a number of toxic contaminants at relatively high concentrations. Source control was necessary for successful remediation and the ultimate removal of the remaining compounds from these industrial sites. Although contaminated soil around the source was excavated during the remedial action and the high concentrations of contaminants were reduced, typical groundwater contaminants such as petroleum hydrocarbons as gasoline (TPH-G), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (BTEX), and oxygenates including methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) were persistently found at the studied sites around the source points. The plume and concentration of contaminants had changed their shapes and strength for all monitoring periods. Thus, additional source control seems to be a requirement for the complete removal of source contamination, which must be ascertained with groundwater and soil monitoring on a regular time base. For the study sites, monitored natural attenuation was relatively feasible for the long-term plan; however, it did not offer a perfect remediation solution for an ultimate goal because of residual toxic compounds that might have affected the surrounding residential areas at higher concentrations than their health limits. Therefore, as a remediation strategy, the combination of clean-up technology and natural attenuation with monitoring activities are more highly recommended than either clean-up or natural attenuation used separately. 相似文献
274.
275.
276.
探索资源共享机制研发环境监测技术转化平台 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
阐述了公益与行业共性技术的概念和研发环境监测技术转化平台的必要性,介绍了平台的组织运行机制和网络平台的建设内容,指出该平台对加速科技成果转化、实现监测资源共享具有重要意义. 相似文献
277.
环境监测实验室质量监督之管见 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
郭晓茆 《环境监测管理与技术》2007,19(6):1-3
阐述了环境监测实验室质量监督的重要性及加强质量监督的组织保证、制度建设、工作程序和如何发挥监督作用的思考,以期改善忽视质量监督的局面,进一步提高监测工作质量. 相似文献
278.
279.
The regional-scale importance of an aquatic stressor depends both on its regional extent (i.e., how widespread it is) and
on the severity of its effects in ecosystems where it is found. Sample surveys, such as those developed by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency’s Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP), are designed to estimate and compare the extents,
throughout a large region, of elevated conditions for various aquatic stressors. In this article, we propose relative risk
as a complementary measure of the severity of each stressor’s effect on a response variable that characterizes aquatic ecological
condition. Specifically, relative risk measures the strength of association between stressor and response variables that can
be classified as either “good” (i.e., reference) or “poor” (i.e., different from reference). We present formulae for estimating
relative risk and its confidence interval, adapted for the unequal sample inclusion probabilities employed in EMAP surveys.
For a recent EMAP survey of streams in five Mid-Atlantic states, we estimated the relative extents of eight stressors as well
as their relative risks to aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages, with assemblage condition measured by an index of biotic
integrity (IBI). For example, a measure of excess sedimentation had a relative risk of 1.60 for macroinvertebrate IBI, with
the meaning that poor IBI conditions were 1.6 times more likely to be found in streams having poor conditions of sedimentation
than in streams having good sedimentation conditions. We show how stressor extent and relative risk estimates, viewed together,
offer a compact and comprehensive assessment of the relative importances of multiple stressors. 相似文献
280.
以鲜鸡粪、蘑菇渣和污泥按照体积比3∶1∶1混合进行动态堆肥模拟试验.堆肥槽沿物料前进方向分为7个部分,对每个部分按等间距分别做5个水平方向上切分和5个垂直方向上切分,在形成的125个交叉点上进行温度监测.研究结果表明,第1天的混合物料温度在同一层中变异很小,不同层之间略有差异.随着动态过程的进行,同一层温度变异逐渐增大,从第一天相差1~3℃,增加到相差30~40℃,靠近墙体的堆料温度较低,远离墙体的温度较高.随着堆肥时间延长,差异增大.机械翻堆能起到通风的作用,同时使每一个堆方的堆料在纵向方向上上下混合,但达不到横向混匀,因此,靠近墙体两侧的堆料始终处于较低的温度,只有中部能达到较高的温度,以堆肥温度50℃作为无害化指标,自墙体向中心方向的1m为没有达到无害化厚度,无害化体积占堆肥总体积50%.整个动态堆肥过程符合二级动力学方程. 相似文献