烧碱装置降膜蒸发器的腐蚀检查

铢覆层下腐蚀(碱腐蚀和碱应力腐蚀开裂)严重影响烧碱装置降膜蒸发器的安全运行。分析一起降膜蒸发器泄漏案例,发现分离器与管板角焊缝碱应力腐蚀破裂的主要原因是镍覆层焊缝存在贯穿性气孔,认为高浓度碱溶液环境中镍覆层致密性的检查和评价对镍-钢复合板设备安全运行具有重要意义。总结降膜蒸发器管束、管程壳体、焊接接头等部位镍覆层致密性失效导致的腐蚀损伤,提出了重点部位腐蚀检查的技术要求。     

某油田稠油采出液生产分离器机械消泡技术研究

目的 针对某油田进行机械消泡技术研究,进而为促进分离器内稠油的快速消泡提供解决办法.方法 利用Fluent软件模拟不同导流板参数下分离器中气液分离效果及泡沫变化情况,并采用动态解析法发泡方式,利用高压溶气消泡测试系统对不同类型和型号的金属规整填料和两种化学消泡剂,进行消泡测试以及组合消泡实验.结果 导流板放置角度为45°时,分离效率和泡沫聚并效果均较好,而导流板放置距离影响不大;随着消泡填料的高度增加,消泡效果随之增加.结论 分离器入口导流板最佳放置角度为45°,孔板波纹填料SM250*12 cm为优选的机械消泡构件.实际生产采用机械消泡方法即可满足消泡需求,要求更好的消泡效果时,可将机械消泡与化学消泡剂消泡两种方式结合使用.     

海洋大气氯离子监测方法——湿烛法与干片法对比研究

目的对比研究两种海洋大气氯离子监测方法。方法针对湿烛法与干片法各自的特点,在万宁试验站海洋平台、近海试验场、内试验场和不同离海距离的屋顶监测了两种方法多种条件下的氯离子沉降速率。采用成对数据的符号秩和检验法对比研究了湿润、透风、采样的方向性、氯离子污染程度对两种采样方法的监测结果的影响,采用皮尔逊积矩相关系数分析了气象因素对氯离子沉降速率的关系。结果湿润、透风、采样的方向性是重要的影响因素,氯离子污染程度越大的环境,其影响程度越大。结论诸多影响的综合结果导致了湿烛法监测的氯离子沉降速率高于干片法。     

A numerical model for drying of spherical object in an indirect type solar dryer and estimating the drying time at different moisture level and air temperature

A numerical model for simultaneous heat and mass transfer was developed for solar drying of spherical objects and the object considered is green peas. Solar collector outlet temperature is assumed as drying chamber temperature and justified through energy balance equations. Assumptions are imposed on heat and mass transfer governing equations without losing the physics of the problem. Discretization is performed by finite difference method with implicit scheme. To generalize, the governing equation and boundary conditions are non-dimensionalized. The set of finite difference equations was solved by Tridiagonal Matrix Algorithm and a computer code in MATLAB was developed to solve them. The drying curves showed two stages of drying, initial, and secondary drying stage. At all drying temperatures and drying time, the center moisture was maximum and it was minimum at the boundary. A percentage of 85.67 surface moisture content and 25.33% center moisture was eliminated in the first 1 hr at 348 K. The product should be dried up to 7.45, 4.74, and 3.74 hr at air drying temperatures of 318, 333, and 348 K respectively, to maintain 10% of the product’s initial moisture content. The result is compared with the experimental result from literature and they are found to be in good agreement.     

低硬度大直径橡胶隔震支座竖向荷载作用下钢板应力研究

采用大型通用有限元程序,对低硬度大直径橡胶隔震支座在竖向荷载作用下的基本性能进行了精细有限元分析.分析了在竖向荷载作用下支座上下封板、内部钢板的各种应力分布,以及支座顶部是否施加竖向同位移约束、支座孔径比、橡胶材料G值、内部单层橡胶厚度与内部单层钢板厚度之比对支座内钢板受力的影响.结果表明,内部钢板最大Mises应力、...     

中国东部应力场与板块运动

随着空间观测技术发展,板块运动有可能从定性进入定量化研究.本文运用空间观测技术和大地测量采集的数据,探讨板块运动方向、速度对中国东部应力场构成的作用和影响.着重研究了该地区有代表性构造——郯庐深大断裂带的应力分布状态.结果表明,华北地块是受太平洋板块向北西西和欧亚板块向北东挤压,形成了最大水平压应力方向为北东东;华南地块最大水平压应力方向为北西西,它是由菲律宾板块向北西挤压和印度板块向北东推移影响引起的。同时,据初步研究认为,原区域应力场与震源应力场展布存在着较为明显的差异,故对预测地震,加强应力场演变过程研究是一项有意义和重要的工作.     

钢筋混凝土板弯曲问题的各向同性化最小平方误差法

利用合适的坐标变换将钢筋混凝土板的弯曲问题变换为各向同性板弯曲问题。由弹性薄板的虚功原理及最小平方误差法计算各向同性板弯曲变形,得到原正交各向异性薄板的挠度方程。算例表明,在近似函数选取合理的情况下,该方法简单,计算时间短,具有较高的精确度。     

钩板除雾器转折次数对除雾效率的影响

除雾器是用来除去烟气中细微液滴、降低污染物、保证系统正常运行的关键设备,故除雾器的研究具有重要意义。利用流体力学计算软件,分析无钩板与带钩板除雾器转折次数对除雾效率的影响。结果表明：除雾器增加转折次数和钩板都可以提高除雾效率,但同时会造成压降增大;增加钩板对除雾效率和压降的影响要高于增加转折次数的影响,带钩板的除雾器对2~10 μm直径的液滴具有较理想的去除能力,对于粒径为8 μm的液滴,当入口气体流速为3 m·s⁻¹、B=4时,带钩板除雾器除雾效率已达78.2%,并且增加带钩板除雾器的转折次数对除雾效率的提升要高于无钩板除雾器;液滴捕集模拟计算发现,当入口流速为3 m·s⁻¹、B=3时的除雾效率已达91.45%,比初始结构提升约20%。通过分析可知,除雾器可以通过增加钩板以及转折次数来提高对细微液滴的除去能力。     

Evolution of unsaturated hydraulic properties of municipal solid waste with landfill depth and age

Successful modeling of liquid and air flow and hence designing of liquid and air addition systems in the landfills are constrained by the lack of key parameters of unsaturated hydraulic properties of municipal solid waste (MSW), which are strongly dependent on the depth of burial and the degree of decomposition. In this study, water retention curves (WRC) of MSW are measured using pressure plate method on samples repacked according to the in situ unit weight measured during borehole sampling, representing the MSW in shallow, middle, and deep layers. The measured WRC of MSW is well-reproduced by the van Genuchten-Mualem model, and is used to predict the unsaturated hydraulic properties of MSW, including water retention characteristics and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. The estimated model parameters are consistent with other studies, suggesting that the pressure plate method yields reproducible results. As the landfill depth and age increase, the overburden pressure, the highly decomposed organic matter and finer pore space increase, hence the capillary pressure increases, causing increases in air-entry values, field capacity and residual water content, and decreases in steepness of WRC and saturated water content. The unsaturated hydraulic properties of MSW undergo changes with landfill depth and age, showing more silt loam-like properties as the landfill age increases.     

采用筛板塔吹脱模拟处理四氯乙烯污染地下水

利用自主设计的筛板塔装置模拟吹脱四氯乙烯(PCE)污染废水,综合考察了影响吹脱的各因素(气液体积比、初始浓度和筛板数等),同时对吹脱工艺条件进行了优化,并建立了吹脱模型.研究表明:25.68mg/L PCE废水经吹脱后出水浓度降至0.62mg/L,去除率可达97.59%;气液比对废水的吹脱效果影响很大, 且最佳气液比在200左右;PCE初始浓度对去除率的影响并不明显;采用4层塔板时PCE去除效果较好;实验数据很好地遵从一级衰变模型;吨水吹脱成本约为0.31元,可作为后续生化处理的预处理工艺.